🤖📡 THE INVISIBLE TUTOR ¤ Learn · Master · Excel ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🇿🇼 ZIMSEC O-LEVEL PHYSICS 🤖 ROBOTICS — REVISION PACK 02 Robot Construction, Programming & AI ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🛠️ QUESTION 3: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROBOTS A student intends to construct a simple mobile robot that can follow a marked line on the floor. <u>(a) State FOUR components required to construct the robot. [4]</u> <u>(b) (i) State the function of the chassis. [2]</u> <u>(ii) Name ONE suitable device for controlling the robot. [1]</u> <u>(c) Outline FOUR stages involved in constructing and programming the robot, starting with the design stage. [4]</u> <u>(d) Explain how two infrared sensors can be used to help the robot follow a line. [4]</u> <u>(e) State TWO reasons why the robot should be tested after construction. [2]</u> ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ✍️ ANSWERS — QUESTION 3 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ • Microcontroller, e.g. Arduino. (1) • Infrared sensors. (1) • Electric motors with suitable motor-driving circuitry. (1) • Battery or suitable power supply. (1) (i) • Provides the supporting frame of the robot. (1) • Holds the robot's components in their required positions. (1) (ii) • Arduino microcontroller. (1) • Design the robot and plan its operation. (1) • Assemble the chassis and mount the components. (1) • Connect the sensors, controller and motors correctly. (1) • Write the program and test the robot. (1) • Infrared sensors detect differences in reflected infrared light from the line and surrounding surface. (1) • The sensors send signals to the controller. (1) • The controller compares the sensor readings with the programmed conditions. (1) • The controller adjusts the motors to keep the robot following the line. (1) • To identify construction or programming faults. (1) • To confirm that the robot operates correctly and safely. (1) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 💻 QUESTION 4: PROGRAMMING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE <u>(a) (i) Define a computer program. [2]</u> <u>(ii) Name TWO programming languages or programming environments used in robotics. [2]</u> A robot is programmed to stop when its sensor detects an obstacle. <u>(b) (i) State the input to the robot in this situation. [1]</u> <u>(ii) State the output produced when the robot stops. [1]</u> <u>(iii) Write a simple conditional instruction describing the robot's response to an obstacle. [2]</u> <u>(c) Explain what is meant by artificial intelligence in robotics. [2]</u> <u>(d) State TWO ways in which artificial intelligence can improve the operation of a robot. [2]</u> ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ✍️ ANSWERS — QUESTION 4 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ (i) • A set of instructions written for a computer or controller. (1) • The instructions direct the system to perform specified tasks. (1) (ii) • Python. (1) • C++ or Scratch. (1) (i) • The signal from the obstacle-detection sensor. (1) (ii) • The stopping of the motor or cessation of wheel movement. (1) (iii) • IF an obstacle is detected, THEN stop the motors. (2) • Artificial intelligence enables a computer-controlled system to perform tasks requiring abilities such as recognition, learning or decision-making. (1) • In robotics, it can be used to help robots interpret information and select actions. (1) • Enables a robot to recognise patterns or objects. (1) • Enables a robot to adapt its actions or make decisions using analysed information. (1) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🎯 EXAM TIP For construction questions, arrange stages logically. For programming questions, identify the input, condition and resulting output. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ THE INVISIBLE TUTOR ¤ Learn · Master · Excel 🇿🇼 ZIMSEC & IGCSE | O-LEVEL EXCELLENCE THE END.