Step 1: Calculate the opening capital as at 1 May 2018. Capital is calculated as Total Assets minus Total Liabilities. The provision for doubtful debts is a contra-asset account and reduces the value of debtors. Assets as at 1 May 2018: Vehicles: NS80,000 Inventory: NS10,400 Stationery on hand: NS300 Debtors: NS7,500 Less: Provision for doubtful debts: (NS400) Net Debtors: NS7,100 Land and buildings: NS142,000 Bank: NS(2,400) (This is an overdraft, so it's a liability, not an asset) Total Assets (1 May 2018): $$ \begin{align} \text{Total Assets} &= \text{Vehicles} + \text{Inventory} + \text{Stationery on hand} + \text{Net Debtors} + \text{Land and buildings} \\ &= \text{NS}80,000 + \text{NS}10,400 + \text{NS}300 + \text{NS}7,100 + \text{NS}142,000 \\ &= \text{NS}239,800 \end{align} $$ Liabilities as at 1 May 2018: Loan: Tsandi bank: NS8,500 Electricity in arrears: NS1,500 Creditors: NS3,520 Bank (overdraft): NS2,400 Total Liabilities (1 May 2018): $$ \begin{align*}