The largest African source market in 2016 is Zimbabwe.

Here are the answers to your questions based on the provided table:

9.3.1) Step 1: Examine the "Tourist Arrivals - January 2016" column for African countries. Step 2: Compare the arrival numbers for Zimbabwe ($250\,514$), Lesotho ($209\,403$), Mozambique ($145\,775$), and Swaziland ($75\,176$). The largest African source market in 2016 is Zimbabwe.

9.3.2) Step 1: Examine the "% Growth" column to find the highest positive percentage. Step 2: Identify the country corresponding to that percentage. The highest growth percentage is $8.4\%$, which corresponds to Lesotho. The country showing the greatest growth percentage is Lesotho.

9.3.3) Step 1: Consider the nature of an "air market" in tourism, which typically refers to countries from which tourists primarily arrive by air due to geographical distance. Step 2: Review the listed top 5 source markets: Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, and UK. Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Mozambique, and Swaziland are neighboring countries, often accessed by road. The UK is an overseas country. The country that falls within the top 5 source markets and may also be referred to as an air market is the UK.

9.3.4) Step 1: Identify the countries showing a decline in growth percentages: Zimbabwe ($-2.2\%$), Mozambique ($-5.4\%$), and Swaziland ($-3.3\%$). Step 2: Discuss strategies to attract more tourists from these neighboring countries. South Africa can attract more tourists from these countries by improving cross-border travel efficiency, offering targeted regional tourism packages or discounts, and promoting specific attractions or events that appeal to these markets.

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