The student was asked to define devaluation and its effects, state elements of international labor laws, identify tax offenses, and describe donor roles in developing nations.

Here are the answers to the questions:

c. State any two elements of international labor laws.

• Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining.
• Elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor.

3. a. The government of country X decided to reduce the value of its currency. Many citizens were unhappy with the decision.

• i. What term is used to refer to the decision taken by the government?

  • The term is Devaluation.

• ii. Describe any two effects of the decision taken by the government.

  • Increased cost of imports: Imported goods become more expensive, leading to higher prices for consumers and businesses.
  • Reduced purchasing power: Citizens' money can buy less in terms of foreign goods and services, making international travel and imported items more costly.

3. b. Describe any two positive roles of donors in developing nations.

• Donors provide financial aid and technical assistance for development projects, such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare.
• They support capacity building by funding training programs and institutional reforms, helping developing nations strengthen their own governance and service delivery.

3. c. State any one tax offence.

• Tax evasion (e.g., deliberately under-reporting income or overstating deductions to avoid paying taxes).

4. a. State any two institutions that promote good governance.

• The Judiciary (courts of law)
• Anti-Corruption Bureaus (or similar oversight bodies)

4. b. Describe any two laws and policies that have been revised to ensure gender equality and equity in Malawi.

• The Gender Equality Act (2013) was enacted to promote gender equality, prohibit discrimination, and ensure equal opportunities for men and women in various spheres.
• The Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Act (2015) raised the minimum age of marriage to 18 years, aiming to protect girls from early marriages and promote their education and well-being.