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4 parts
a(i)

−(2−x2)32+C-(2-x^2)^{\frac{3}{2}} + C

a(ii)

13x2sin⁡3x+29xcos⁡3x−227sin⁡3x+C\frac{1}{3} x^2 \sin 3x + \frac{2}{9} x \cos 3x - \frac{2}{27} \sin 3x + C

a(iii)

−10ln⁡∣x+3∣+4ln⁡∣x−1∣+C-10 \ln|x+3| + 4 \ln|x-1| + C

b

92 square units\frac{9}{2} \text{ square units}

Step-by-step solution

13 steps

here is the solution to question 4:

Part a(i)· 3 steps

∫3x(2−x2)12dx\int 3x(2-x^2)^{\frac{1}{2}} dx;

  1. Use substitution.

    Let u=2−x2u = 2-x^2.
    Then, differentiate uu with respect to xx: dudx=−2x\frac{du}{dx} = -2x.
    Rearrange to find dxdx: dx=du−2xdx = \frac{du}{-2x}.
    Substitute uu and dxdx into the integral:

    ∫3x(u)12(du−2x)\int 3x(u)^{\frac{1}{2}} \left(\frac{du}{-2x}\right)
  2. Simplify and integrate with respect to uu.

    The xx terms cancel out:

    ∫−32u12du\int -\frac{3}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2}} du

    Integrate using the power rule ∫undu=un+1n+1+C\int u^n du = \frac{u^{n+1}}{n+1} + C:

    −32⋅u12+112+1+C-\frac{3}{2} \cdot \frac{u^{\frac{1}{2}+1}}{\frac{1}{2}+1} + C −32⋅u3232+C-\frac{3}{2} \cdot \frac{u^{\frac{3}{2}}}{\frac{3}{2}} + C −u32+C-u^{\frac{3}{2}} + C
  3. Substitute back u=2−x2u = 2-x^2.

    −(2−x2)32+C\boxed{-(2-x^2)^{\frac{3}{2}} + C}

Part a(ii)

13x2sin⁡3x+29xcos⁡3x−227sin⁡3x+C\frac{1}{3} x^2 \sin 3x + \frac{2}{9} x \cos 3x - \frac{2}{27} \sin 3x + C

∫x2cos⁡3x dx\int x^2 \cos 3x \, dx;

  1. Use integration by parts, ∫u dv=uv−∫v du\int u \, dv = uv - \int v \, du.

    Let u=x2u = x^2 and dv=cos⁡3x dxdv = \cos 3x \, dx.
    Then du=2x dxdu = 2x \, dx and v=∫cos⁡3x dx=13sin⁡3xv = \int \cos 3x \, dx = \frac{1}{3} \sin 3x.

    ∫x2cos⁡3x dx=x2(13sin⁡3x)−∫(13sin⁡3x)(2x dx)\int x^2 \cos 3x \, dx = x^2 \left(\frac{1}{3} \sin 3x\right) - \int \left(\frac{1}{3} \sin 3x\right) (2x \, dx) =13x2sin⁡3x−23∫xsin⁡3x dx= \frac{1}{3} x^2 \sin 3x - \frac{2}{3} \int x \sin 3x \, dx
  2. Apply integration by parts again for ∫xsin⁡3x dx\int x \sin 3x \, dx.

    Let u1=xu_1 = x and dv1=sin⁡3x dxdv_1 = \sin 3x \, dx.
    Then du1=dxdu_1 = dx and v1=∫sin⁡3x dx=−13cos⁡3xv_1 = \int \sin 3x \, dx = -\frac{1}{3} \cos 3x.

    ∫xsin⁡3x dx=x(−13cos⁡3x)−∫(−13cos⁡3x)dx\int x \sin 3x \, dx = x \left(-\frac{1}{3} \cos 3x\right) - \int \left(-\frac{1}{3} \cos 3x\right) dx =−13xcos⁡3x+13∫cos⁡3x dx= -\frac{1}{3} x \cos 3x + \frac{1}{3} \int \cos 3x \, dx =−13xcos⁡3x+13(13sin⁡3x)+C1= -\frac{1}{3} x \cos 3x + \frac{1}{3} \left(\frac{1}{3} \sin 3x\right) + C_1 =−13xcos⁡3x+19sin⁡3x+C1= -\frac{1}{3} x \cos 3x + \frac{1}{9} \sin 3x + C_1
  3. Substitute the result back into the main integral.

    13x2sin⁡3x−23(−13xcos⁡3x+19sin⁡3x)+C\frac{1}{3} x^2 \sin 3x - \frac{2}{3} \left(-\frac{1}{3} x \cos 3x + \frac{1}{9} \sin 3x\right) + C =13x2sin⁡3x+29xcos⁡3x−227sin⁡3x+C= \frac{1}{3} x^2 \sin 3x + \frac{2}{9} x \cos 3x - \frac{2}{27} \sin 3x + C

    The integral is 13x2sin⁡3x+29xcos⁡3x−227sin⁡3x+C\boxed{\frac{1}{3} x^2 \sin 3x + \frac{2}{9} x \cos 3x - \frac{2}{27} \sin 3x + C}.

Part a(iii)

−10ln⁡∣x+3∣+4ln⁡∣x−1∣+C-10 \ln|x+3| + 4 \ln|x-1| + C

∫22−6xx2+2x−3dx\int \frac{22-6x}{x^2+2x-3} dx;

  1. Factor the denominator and perform partial fraction decomposition.

    The denominator is x2+2x−3=(x+3)(x−1)x^2+2x-3 = (x+3)(x-1).
    Set up the partial fractions:

    22−6x(x+3)(x−1)=Ax+3+Bx−1\frac{22-6x}{(x+3)(x-1)} = \frac{A}{x+3} + \frac{B}{x-1}

    Multiply both sides by (x+3)(x−1)(x+3)(x-1):

    22−6x=A(x−1)+B(x+3)22-6x = A(x-1) + B(x+3)

    To find AA, set x=−3x=-3:

    22−6(−3)=A(−3−1)+B(−3+3)22-6(-3) = A(-3-1) + B(-3+3) 22+18=−4A22+18 = -4A 40=−4A  ⟹  A=−1040 = -4A \implies A = -10

    To find BB, set x=1x=1:

    22−6(1)=A(1−1)+B(1+3)22-6(1) = A(1-1) + B(1+3) 16=4B  ⟹  B=416 = 4B \implies B = 4
  2. Rewrite the integral using partial fractions.

    ∫(−10x+3+4x−1)dx\int \left(\frac{-10}{x+3} + \frac{4}{x-1}\right) dx
  3. Integrate each term.

    −10∫1x+3dx+4∫1x−1dx-10 \int \frac{1}{x+3} dx + 4 \int \frac{1}{x-1} dx =−10ln⁡∣x+3∣+4ln⁡∣x−1∣+C= -10 \ln|x+3| + 4 \ln|x-1| + C

    The integral is −10ln⁡∣x+3∣+4ln⁡∣x−1∣+C\boxed{-10 \ln|x+3| + 4 \ln|x-1| + C}.

Part b

92 square units\frac{9}{2} \text{ square units}

To determine the area of the region bounded by the parabola y=x2+4y = x^2+4 and the straight line y=x+6y = x+6.

  1. Find the points of intersection of the two curves.

    Set the equations equal to each other:

    x2+4=x+6x^2+4 = x+6

    Rearrange into a quadratic equation:

    x2−x−2=0x^2 - x - 2 = 0

    Factor the quadratic equation:

    (x−2)(x+1)=0(x-2)(x+1) = 0

    The points of intersection are x=−1x = -1 and x=2x = 2. These will be the limits of integration.

  2. Determine which function is above the other in the interval [−1,2][-1, 2].

    Choose a test point within the interval, for example, x=0x=0.
    For the parabola: y=(0)2+4=4y = (0)^2+4 = 4.
    For the line: y=0+6=6y = 0+6 = 6.
    Since 6>46 > 4, the line y=x+6y=x+6 is above the parabola y=x2+4y=x^2+4 in the interval [−1,2][-1, 2].

  3. Set up the definite integral for the area.

    The area AA is given by the integral of the upper function minus the lower function:

    A=∫−12((x+6)−(x2+4))dxA = \int_{-1}^{2} ((x+6) - (x^2+4)) dx A=∫−12(−x2+x+2)dxA = \int_{-1}^{2} (-x^2 + x + 2) dx
  4. Evaluate the definite integral.

    Integrate term by term:

    A=[−x33+x22+2x]−12A = \left[-\frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{x^2}{2} + 2x\right]_{-1}^{2}

    Apply the limits of integration:

    A=(−(2)33+(2)22+2(2))−(−(−1)33+(−1)22+2(−1))A = \left(-\frac{(2)^3}{3} + \frac{(2)^2}{2} + 2(2)\right) - \left(-\frac{(-1)^3}{3} + \frac{(-1)^2}{2} + 2(-1)\right) A=(−83+42+4)−(−−13+12−2)A = \left(-\frac{8}{3} + \frac{4}{2} + 4\right) - \left(-\frac{-1}{3} + \frac{1}{2} - 2\right) A=(−83+2+4)−(13+12−2)A = \left(-\frac{8}{3} + 2 + 4\right) - \left(\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{2} - 2\right) A=(−83+6)−(13+12−42)A = \left(-\frac{8}{3} + 6\right) - \left(\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{2} - \frac{4}{2}\right) A=(−8+183)−(2+3−126)A = \left(\frac{-8+18}{3}\right) - \left(\frac{2+3-12}{6}\right) A=103−(−76)A = \frac{10}{3} - \left(-\frac{7}{6}\right) A=103+76A = \frac{10}{3} + \frac{7}{6}

    Find a common denominator:

    A=206+76A = \frac{20}{6} + \frac{7}{6} A=276A = \frac{27}{6}

    Simplify the fraction:

    A=92A = \frac{9}{2}

    The area of the region is 92 square units\boxed{\frac{9}{2} \text{ square units}}.

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