Extract all questions

here are all the questions from the image:

Question one (1)

• a) What is rational use of medicines? (4 marks)
• b) Outline six (6) examples of irrational use of medicines (6 marks)
• c) Outline four (4) consequences of irrational use of medicines (4 marks)
• d) As a pharmacist, explain how you will promote rational use of medicines (6 marks)

Question two (2)

• a) What are extemporaneous pharmaceutical preparations (3 marks)
• b) Outline Seven (7) key information that should appear on a label of topical preparation (7 marks)
• c) List Five (5) factors considered when adjusting drug dosage on a prescription (5 marks)
• d) Outline Five (5) types of dosage forms and patient states/conditions each is most applicable (5 marks)

Question three (3)
The prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is on rise.

• a) Explain why prevalence of Pulmonary TB is on the rise (4 marks)
• b) State two tests that can be carried out to confirm the diagnosis of TB (2 marks)
• c) What is the first line regimen for treatment of TB in Uganda (3 marks)
• d) For each of the first line TB medicines, state one main toxic effect that should be monitored? (4 marks)
• e) What is the regimen for treatment of TB relapse? (3 Marks)
• f) State any Four (4) ways by which resistance to TB medicines can be prevented? (4 marks)

Question four (4)
Alkaloids can be grouped according to their chemical structure or biosynthesis (natural) origins.
Name Five (5) main groups of alkaloids according to their biosynthesis (natural) origins. For each group, give the plant source (s), main active drug(s) and indication (s).
Tabulate your response as below (20 marks). | Alkaloid group | Plant Source (s) | active drug(s) | Indication (s) |

Question five (5)

• a) With examples, explain the principles and applications of the following concepts in pharmacy (10 marks)
  • I. Reverse osmosis
  • II. Distillation
  • III. Filtration
  • IV. Titration
  • V. Phase separation
• b) Outline four methods of sterilization used in pharmacy and for each method, indicate the mechanisms of sterilization (10 marks)