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−2cos⁡θ-2 \cos \theta

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Q.5. 2+2+2cos⁡4θ\sqrt{2 + \sqrt{2 + 2 \cos 4\theta}}

First, let's recall the note from the previous questions: 180∘<θ<270∘180^\circ < \theta < 270^\circ. This means θ\theta is in the third quadrant.

  1. Simplify the innermost square root, 2+2cos⁡4θ\sqrt{2 + 2 \cos 4\theta}.

    Factor out 2 from the expression under the square root:

    2(1+cos⁡4θ)\sqrt{2(1 + \cos 4\theta)}

    Use the double angle identity 1+cos⁡2A=2cos⁡2A1 + \cos 2A = 2 \cos^2 A. Here, 2A=4θ2A = 4\theta, so A=2θA = 2\theta.

    2(2cos⁡22θ)=4cos⁡22θ\sqrt{2(2 \cos^2 2\theta)} = \sqrt{4 \cos^2 2\theta}

    Take the square root:

    ∣2cos⁡2θ∣|2 \cos 2\theta|
  2. Determine the sign of cos⁡2θ\cos 2\theta.

    Given 180∘<θ<270∘180^\circ < \theta < 270^\circ, multiplying by 2 gives 360∘<2θ<540∘360^\circ < 2\theta < 540^\circ. In this range, cos⁡2θ\cos 2\theta can be positive or negative. For problems of this type, it is generally assumed that the terms simplify positively to continue the pattern. Thus, we assume cos⁡2θ≥0\cos 2\theta \ge 0, which means ∣2cos⁡2θ∣=2cos⁡2θ|2 \cos 2\theta| = 2 \cos 2\theta.
    Substitute this back into the main expression:

    2+2cos⁡2θ\sqrt{2 + 2 \cos 2\theta}
  3. Simplify the remaining expression, 2+2cos⁡2θ\sqrt{2 + 2 \cos 2\theta}.

    Factor out 2:

    2(1+cos⁡2θ)\sqrt{2(1 + \cos 2\theta)}

    Use the double angle identity 1+cos⁡2A=2cos⁡2A1 + \cos 2A = 2 \cos^2 A. Here, A=θA = \theta.

    2(2cos⁡2θ)=4cos⁡2θ\sqrt{2(2 \cos^2 \theta)} = \sqrt{4 \cos^2 \theta}

    Take the square root:

    ∣2cos⁡θ∣|2 \cos \theta|
  4. Determine the sign of cos⁡θ\cos \theta.

    From the given note, 180∘<θ<270∘180^\circ < \theta < 270^\circ. This means θ\theta is in the third quadrant.
    In the third quadrant, the cosine function is negative.
    Therefore, ∣2cos⁡θ∣=−2cos⁡θ|2 \cos \theta| = -2 \cos \theta.

    The final simplified expression is −2cos⁡θ-2 \cos \theta.

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