Further explanation on the point ethical investment and divestment in terms of there is little we can do as ordinary citizens about climate change

Ethical Investment involves choosing to invest in companies, funds, or projects that demonstrate strong environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, including those actively working to mitigate climate change or develop sustainable solutions. By directing capital towards these entities, individuals support their growth and signal to the market that there is demand for sustainable business models. This can encourage more companies to adopt environmentally responsible practices to attract investment.

Divestment is the opposite: it involves withdrawing investments from companies or industries that are seen as contributing negatively to climate change, such as fossil fuel companies. The goal is to reduce the financial capital available to these industries, increase their cost of capital, and exert moral and reputational pressure. While an individual's divestment might seem small, collective divestment campaigns (e.g., by universities, pension funds, or large groups of individuals) can significantly impact a company's stock price, public image, and ability to raise funds, thereby influencing their operations and encouraging a shift away from carbon-intensive activities.

Together, these actions empower ordinary citizens by:

• Shifting Capital: Redirecting financial resources from harmful to beneficial activities.
• Sending Market Signals: Demonstrating consumer and investor preference for sustainable practices, which can influence corporate behavior and policy.
• Collective Impact: While individual actions may seem small, when many individuals make similar choices, their combined financial power can create significant pressure and drive systemic change in financial markets and corporate strategies.
• Moral and Reputational Pressure: Divestment, in particular, can stigmatize industries seen as climate polluters, making it harder for them to operate and attract talent.