Discuss communal land: uses, problems, and distinguish between state and private land ownership.

1.1.1 Suggest TWO uses of communal land.

• Subsistence farming for growing crops for the community's consumption.
• Grazing land for livestock owned by community members.
• Settlement for housing and community infrastructure.

1.1.2 Give THREE problems associated with communal land.

• Overgrazing and environmental degradation due to lack of individual responsibility for land management.
• Lack of investment in land improvements because individuals do not have secure tenure or exclusive rights.
• Disputes over land use and boundaries among community members due to unclear individual ownership.
• Difficulty in accessing credit as communal land cannot typically be used as collateral for loans.

1.1.3 Distinguish between state land and private land ownership.
State land is owned and controlled by the government, managed for public benefit or leased out, and its use is regulated by public law. Examples include national parks, public infrastructure, and government buildings. Private land is owned by individuals, families, or private entities, granting the owner exclusive rights to use, develop, sell, or lease the property, subject to private property laws.