What are the common land uses in communal land tenure systems, the challenges associated with them, and how do state and private land differ?

1.1.1

• Grazing for livestock
• Cultivation of crops for subsistence

1.1.2

• Overgrazing and environmental degradation due to lack of individual responsibility.
• Lack of investment in land improvements because individuals do not have secure tenure.
• Disputes over land boundaries and access rights among community members.

1.1.3
State land is owned and controlled by the government, managed for public benefit or specific government functions, such as national parks, infrastructure, or public housing. Decisions regarding its use are made through public policy and legislation.

Private land is owned by individuals, families, or private corporations. Owners have exclusive rights to use, develop, sell, or lease the land, subject to legal regulations. Decisions about private land use are primarily at the discretion of the owner.