Distinguish between the following: 1. Weather and climate. 2. The Southwest Monsoon Season and the North-East Monsoon Season.

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III. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Three factors that influence climate are:
   • Latitude: Places closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight and are generally hotter, while places farther from the equator (higher latitudes) receive less direct sunlight and are colder. This is due to the angle at which the sun's rays strike the Earth's surface.
   • Altitude: As altitude increases, the temperature generally decreases. This is because the atmosphere becomes thinner at higher altitudes and is less able to absorb and retain heat. For example, mountain tops are often covered in snow even in tropical regions.
   • Distance from the Sea (Continentality): Coastal areas experience a moderate climate with less extreme temperatures because water heats up and cools down more slowly than land. Inland areas, far from the moderating influence of the sea, tend to have more extreme temperatures, with very hot summers and very cold winters.