Describe the formation and characteristics of mesas and buttes, identifying specific rock layers and their resistance to erosion.

2.1) Landform P is a mesa, and landform Q is a butte.

2.2) The evidence is that both landforms P and Q consist of the same sequence of rock layers (Dolerite, Sandstone, Shale) and are capped by the same resistant rock (Dolerite). This indicates they were once part of a continuous, larger landform.

2.3) The most resistant rock type is Dolerite.

2.4) Dolerite forms the cap rock on both landforms P and Q, protecting the softer underlying Sandstone and Shale layers from erosion.

2.5) Landform P will change into landform Q through continued erosion. The softer Sandstone and Shale layers at the base and sides of landform P will be eroded away, causing the overlying Dolerite cap rock to become undercut and eventually collapse. As the Dolerite cap rock shrinks in area due to this process, the wider mesa (P) will gradually become a narrower butte (Q).