Identify the latitude for each city from Figure 3.

• Mahikeng: $25^\circ 21' \text{ S}$
• Kimberley: $28^\circ 48' \text{ S}$
• Mthatha: $31^\circ 34' \text{ S}$

In the Southern Hemisphere ($^\circ$S), a higher latitude value means the location is further south and thus further from the equator.

$31^\circ 34' \text{ S}$ is the highest latitude.
The city furthest from the equator is $\boxed{\text{Mthatha}}$.

2. Calculate the difference in latitude between Mahikeng and Mthatha.

• Mahikeng: $25^\circ 21' \text{ S}$
• Mthatha: $31^\circ 34' \text{ S}$

The difference in latitude between Mahikeng and Mthatha is \boxed{\text{6^\circ 13'}}.

3. Do the temperatures of the three places decrease with distance from the equator? Explain your answer.

• Mahikeng ($25^\circ 21' \text{ S}$): Summer $25^\circ \text{ C}$, Winter $12^\circ \text{ C}$
• Kimberley ($28^\circ 48' \text{ S}$): Summer $24^\circ \text{ C}$, Winter $11^\circ \text{ C}$
• Mthatha ($31^\circ 34' \text{ S}$): Summer $22^\circ \text{ C}$, Winter $12^\circ \text{ C}$

Mahikeng, Kimberley, Mthatha.

$25^\circ \text{ C}$ (Mahikeng) $> 24^\circ \text{ C}$ (Kimberley) $> 22^\circ \text{ C}$ (Mthatha). Summer temperatures decrease with distance from the equator.

$12^\circ \text{ C}$ (Mahikeng) $> 11^\circ \text{ C}$ (Kimberley) $< 12^\circ \text{ C}$ (Mthatha). Winter temperatures do not consistently decrease.
No, the temperatures of the three places do not consistently decrease with distance from the equator. While summer temperatures show a clear decrease ($25^\circ \text{ C} \to 24^\circ \text{ C} \to 22^\circ \text{ C}$), winter temperatures do not follow this trend, as Mthatha ($12^\circ \text{ C}$) is warmer than Kimberley ($11^\circ \text{ C}$) despite being further from the equator.

4. Name one other factor besides latitude, that could affect the temperature of each place, e.g. ocean currents.
One other factor that could affect the temperature of each place is $\boxed{\text{altitude}}$.

5. Study the rainfall information on the map and in the paragraph above. Which location receives the most rain in a year? Which location is the driest?
Based on the general rainfall patterns described and the locations on the map:

• The paragraph states that "winds from the north and east bring rain to much of South Africa" in summer, and "the northern parts of the country" are "without rain" in winter.