Number 7 in geography pls

here are the solutions to Question 7: SECTION D HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 7. (a) i) State the economic characteristics of stage 3 of Rostow's model of Economic Growth. Stage 3, known as the "Take-off" stage, is characterized by: Rapid growth in a few key manufacturing sectors. Increased investment in infrastructure like transport and energy. A significant rise in the savings and investment rate, often above 10% of national income. Development of a modern industrial economy, moving away from traditional agriculture. Establishment of a supportive political and social framework for industrial expansion. 7. (a) ii) Use a table to classify the following countries into AICS, NICS and LICS. | Category | Countries | | :------- | :-------------------------------------- | | AICS | Britain, Japan, Canada | | NICS | Hong Kong, South Africa, China | | LICS | Nigeria, Cameroon | 7. (b) Distinguish between the following: i) Population density and population distribution: Population density* is the number of people per unit of area (e.g., per square kilometer). It measures how crowded a place is. Population distribution* describes how people are spread out across a geographical area, showing patterns of clustering or dispersion. ii) Pastoral farming and Arable farming: Pastoral farming* involves raising livestock (animals) for meat, milk, wool, etc. Arable farming* involves growing crops (plants) for food or other products. iii) Light industry and heavy industry: Light industry* produces small consumer goods (e.g., electronics, textiles) and requires less capital and raw materials. Heavy industry* produces large, capital-intensive goods (e.g., steel, machinery) and requires significant raw materials and investment. 7. (c) i) Briefly explain TWO negative impacts of mining on the environment. Land Degradation: Mining operations clear large areas, causing deforestation, soil erosion, and habitat destruction, leading to loss of biodiversity. Pollution: Mining can release toxic substances like heavy metals and acids into water sources and soil, contaminating them and harming ecosystems and human health. 7. (c) ii) Briefly explain TWO advantages of road transport over rail. Flexibility and Accessibility: Roads can reach virtually any location, providing direct "door-to-door" service and greater flexibility in routes and schedules compared to fixed rail lines. Lower Initial Cost for Shorter Distances: For shorter hauls and smaller loads, road transport can be more cost-effective due to lower infrastructure setup costs and greater maneuverability. 7. (d) "Tourism increases: health risk, prices of basic needs, crime wave, and prostitution etc." Despite this, countries still promote their tourist industry. Give THREE reasons for this. Countries promote tourism despite its downsides because of the significant economic benefits: Foreign Exchange Earnings: Tourism generates substantial foreign currency, which is crucial for a country's balance of payments and ability to import goods. Job Creation: The sector provides numerous employment opportunities, both directly in hospitality and services, and indirectly in related industries, helping to reduce unemployment. Infrastructure Development: Investment in tourism often leads to improvements in transportation, communication, and public utilities, which benefit the entire population, not just tourists. Send me the next one 📸