Which of the following deviates from functions of the executive arm of government?

Here are the solutions to the questions:

5. Popular participation in politics involves legitimate actions by citizens to influence government. Manipulating election results is an illegal act and not a form of popular participation.

   The correct option is B.

   $$\boxed{\text{B. manipulating election results}}$$

6. In Nigeria, citizenship by marriage (e.g., an Ethiopian woman marrying a Nigerian) is obtained through registration.

   The correct option is A.

   $$\boxed{\text{A. Registration}}$$

7. In Nigeria, the Code of Conduct Bureau is the government agency responsible for enforcing the code of conduct for public officers, which includes asset declaration.

   The correct option is C.

   $$\boxed{\text{C. Code of Conduct Bureau}}$$

8. Intercommunal conflicts are disputes between different communities that often lead to negative outcomes such as violence and damage.

   The correct option is C.

   $$\boxed{\text{C. destruction}}$$

9. Modern democracy is characterized by citizens electing representatives to make decisions on their behalf. This is known as a representative government.

   The correct option is C.

   $$\boxed{\text{C. representative}}$$

10. The executive arm of government is responsible for formulating and implementing policies, and enforcing laws. The interpretation of laws is primarily the function of the judiciary.

    The correct option is A.

    $$\boxed{\text{A. Interpretation of laws}}$$

11. The trade in persons for the purpose of exploitation is universally known as human trafficking.

    The correct option is D.

    $$\boxed{\text{D. trafficking}}$$

12. Engaging in thuggery involves using violence and intimidation during elections, which is a negative and illegal method of mobilizing for electoral victory.

    The correct option is B.

    $$\boxed{\text{B. engaging in thuggery}}$$

13. A democracy is a form of government where power is vested in the people, who either rule directly or through elected representatives. It allows for public opinion and tolerates opposition.

    The correct option is B.

    $$\boxed{\text{B. democracy}}$$

14. The fight against HIV/AIDS in Nigeria gained significant national attention and structured initiatives, including the establishment of the National Action Committee on AIDS (NACA), during the administration of Olusegun Obasanjo.

    The correct option is D.

    $$\boxed{\text{D. Olusegun Obasanjo}}$$