State any two causes of climate change in East Africa. Give one way in which afforestation helps to control climate change in East Africa. Mention the government body in Uganda that conserves the environment.

41. (a) State any two causes of climate change in East Africa.

(i) Deforestation and land degradation.

(ii) Burning of fossil fuels from industrial activities and transportation.

41. (b) Give one way in which afforestation helps to control climate change in East Africa.
Afforestation helps by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is a major greenhouse gas.

41. (c) Mention the government body in Uganda that conserves the environment.
The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA).

42. (a) Write two ways in which Kenya is similar to Uganda in terms of systems of governance.

(i) Both are Presidential Republics.

(ii) Both practice multi-party democracy.

42. (b) Mention any one system of government practiced in East Africa.
Presidential Republic.

42. (c) Mention one way political parties help to promote democracy.
Political parties mobilize citizens to participate in the political process, including voting.

43. (a) Give any two ways the missionaries paved way for the coming of colonialists to East Africa.

(i) They explored the interior and provided geographical information to their home governments.

(ii) They established mission stations which later served as administrative centers for colonial powers.

43. (b) State any two pieces of evidence to show that Missionaries once visited East Africa.

(i) The presence of churches, cathedrals, and mission schools/hospitals built during that era.

(ii) The existence of written records such as missionary diaries and letters.

44. (a) What term is used to mean the period between 1st July to 30th June in which the national budget operates?
Financial Year (or Fiscal Year).

44. (b) Name the Department of Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MFPED) responsible for preparing the National Budget.
The Budget Directorate.

44. (c) Give any two reasons why the National Budget is presented to parliament for approval.

(i) To ensure accountability and transparency in the use of public funds.

(ii) To give the budget legal legitimacy, as Parliament represents the will of the people.