Refer to the topographical map and the orthophoto map. Match the information in COLUMN A with the information in COLUMN B. Write only the number next to the letter in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. (c) 4.

3.3.1:

• a) A topographical map uses lines and symbols to represent features, which is characteristic of vector data.
• b) An orthophoto map is an aerial photograph corrected for distortions, composed of a grid of pixels, which is raster data.
  • (a) $\to$ 2. vector data
  • (b) $\to$ 1. raster data

3.3.2:
An orthophoto map has a high resolution because the pixels are small and the features are easier to identify.
This corresponds to option A.

• A (i) and (iii)

3.3.3:
Buffering in GIS is the process of creating a zone of a specified distance around a selected feature (point, line, or polygon). This zone is used to identify areas within a certain proximity to the feature.

3.3.4:
To identify the physical (natural) feature used to buffer the Vanryn Dam at I in block B5, the topographical map mentioned in the question is required. Without the map, this question cannot be answered.

3.3.5:
Buffering of the Vanryn Dam can have several positive human impacts on the surrounding area:

• It can protect the water quality of the dam by filtering pollutants and sediment from runoff, ensuring cleaner water for human consumption and agriculture.
• It helps in erosion control by stabilizing soil along the dam's edges and surrounding areas, preventing soil loss and maintaining the dam's capacity.
• It can preserve biodiversity by providing habitats for plants and animals, which contributes to a healthier ecosystem that benefits humans through services like pollination and pest control.