Determine the relationship between the threshold population and the order of service. Explain the impact of locating a high order service in an area with a low threshold population.

2.12.1 Land-use zone A is the Central Business District (CBD).

2.12.2 The evidence suggesting high accessibility for land-use zone A is the presence of multiple roads converging on and passing through it, indicating excellent transport links.

2.12.3 The high accessibility of land-use zone A leads to high land values. To maximize the use of expensive land, buildings are typically tall (high-rise) and densely packed, resulting in a vertical morphology.

2.12.4 An urban profile from B (Heavy Industrial Zone) to C (Residential) would show the following changes:

• Starting at B, there would be large, often single-story industrial buildings.
• Moving towards the center, the Low Income Residential area would feature smaller, older residential buildings, possibly terraced or semi-detached.
• The Transition Zone would show a mix of older, often poorly maintained buildings, some residential, some light industrial or commercial, with varying heights.
• Approaching Zone A (CBD), buildings would become significantly taller and denser (high-rise).
• Moving away from Zone A towards C, the Outlying high rise buildings would still be tall but potentially less dense than the CBD.
• Finally, at C, the Residential area would consist of lower-density housing, which could be detached homes, semi-detached homes, or newer, less dense high-rise residential buildings.

2.12.5

*a) Buildings in the transition zone are poorly maintained because it is an area of change and uncertainty. Landlords may be unwilling to invest in maintenance due to low rental returns, the age of the buildings, or the expectation of future redevelopment, leading to neglect.

*b) Land values in the transition zone are high due to its proximity to the Central Business District (CBD). This makes the land attractive for future redevelopment and expansion of the CBD, leading to speculative buying and increased land prices.

2.12.6 Two reasons for the location of the heavy industrial zone (B) are:

• Access to major transport routes: The zone is located near a main road, facilitating the transport of raw materials and finished goods.
• Availability of large, cheaper land: Heavy industries require extensive space, which is more readily available and affordable on the periphery of the urban area, away from the high land values of the city center.