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4. Six (06) pieces of evidence of the Earth's shape: • Circumnavigation of the Earth: Sailors have sailed around the world and returned to their starting point, proving its spherical nature. • Ships appearing and disappearing over the horizon: When a ship approaches, its mast is seen first, then the deck, and finally the hull. When it sails away, the hull disappears first, then the deck, and finally the mast. This is due to the Earth's curvature. • The Earth's circular shadow during a lunar eclipse: During a lunar eclipse, the Earth casts a circular shadow on the Moon, which is only possible if the Earth is spherical. • Photographs from space: Images taken by satellites and astronauts clearly show the Earth as a sphere. • The horizon: The horizon always appears curved, no matter where you are on Earth. • Different time zones: The spherical shape of the Earth, combined with its rotation, means that different longitudes experience sunrise and sunset at different times, leading to distinct time zones.
5. Four (04) pieces of evidence of the Earth's rotation: • Day and Night: The most direct evidence is the regular succession of day and night. As the Earth rotates on its axis, different parts of its surface are exposed to the sun's light, causing day, while the parts facing away experience night. • Coriolis Effect: This is the apparent deflection of moving objects (like winds and ocean currents) from a straight path due to the Earth's rotation. It causes objects to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. • Foucault's Pendulum: A long pendulum, freely swinging, appears to change its plane of oscillation over time. This apparent change is not due to the pendulum itself but to the Earth rotating beneath it. • Apparent movement of celestial bodies: The sun, moon, and stars appear to rise in the east and set in the west. This observed movement is not because these celestial bodies are orbiting the Earth daily, but because the Earth itself is rotating from west to east.
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• Circumnavigation of the Earth: Sailors have sailed around the world and returned to their starting point, proving its spherical nature.
This geography problem is solved step by step below, with detailed explanations to help you understand the method and arrive at the correct answer.