State two evidence to justify the shape of the Earth, define and state two characteristics of longitude lines, and calculate local time given GMT.

The Earth rotates $360^{\circ}$ in 24 hours.
This means $15^{\circ}$ of longitude corresponds to 1 hour of time difference ($360^{\circ} / 24 \text{ hours} = 15^{\circ}/\text{hour}$).
Alternatively, $1^{\circ}$ of longitude corresponds to 4 minutes ($60 \text{ minutes} / 15^{\circ} = 4 \text{ minutes}/^{\circ}$).

Since the location is $150^{\circ}$ E (East of Greenwich), the time will be ahead of GMT.

The latitude $5^{\circ}$ N does not affect the time calculation.

The local time will be $\boxed{\text{8:00 pm}}$.

b) ii) Briefly describe how any one type of rainfall is formed
Convectional Rainfall:
This type of rainfall occurs when the sun heats the ground, causing the air above it to warm and become less dense. The warm, moist air rises, expands, and cools as it ascends. As the air cools, the water vapor condenses to form cumulus clouds, eventually leading to heavy rainfall, often accompanied by thunderstorms.

c) Name the four main Pressure belts on the Earth surface

1. Equatorial Low Pressure Belt
2. Subtropical High Pressure Belts
3. Subpolar Low Pressure Belts
4. Polar High Pressure Belts

d) i) State two causes of water scarcity

1. Climate change: Leading to prolonged droughts, reduced rainfall, and increased evaporation rates.
2. Population growth: Increasing demand for water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses beyond available supply.
3. Water pollution: Contamination of freshwater sources by industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural runoff, making water unusable.

d) ii) For any two of the following phenomena, describe two strategies each that could be adopted to mitigate the effects:
I will choose Flooding and Global warming.

Flooding Mitigation Strategies:

1. Construction of dams and reservoirs: These structures help control river flow, store excess water during heavy rainfall, and release it gradually.
2. Building flood barriers: Levees, embankments, and floodwalls can be constructed along riverbanks to prevent water from overflowing into populated areas.

Global Warming Mitigation Strategies:

1. Transition to renewable energy: Shifting from fossil fuels to sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Afforestation and reforestation: Planting new trees and restoring forests helps absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, acting as carbon sinks.