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SECTION I (COMPULSORY) THE ENVIRONMENT
1. *a) Four sources of energy that can be used in Ghana efficiently for every citizen: • Hydroelectric power (from dams like Akosombo). • Solar energy (from sunlight). • Biomass energy (from organic matter like wood and agricultural waste). • Natural gas (used in thermal power plants).
*b) Four ways of conserving energy to your class mates in a class discussion: • Switch off lights and appliances when leaving a room or when they are not in use. • Unplug chargers and electronic devices when they are fully charged or not in use, as they can still draw "phantom" power. • Utilize natural light and ventilation by opening windows and curtains during the day to reduce the need for artificial lighting and air conditioning. • Use energy-efficient appliances such as LED bulbs, inverter air conditioners, and refrigerators with high energy ratings.
*c) Two examples each of renewable energy and non-renewable energy: • Renewable energy: Solar energy, Wind energy. • Non-renewable energy: Crude oil, Natural gas.
SECTION II LAW, ORDER AND NATION BUILDING
2. *a) Four republican constitutions Ghana has enacted and experienced since independence: • The 1960 Republican Constitution (First Republic). • The 1969 Republican Constitution (Second Republic). • The 1979 Republican Constitution (Third Republic). • The 1992 Republican Constitution (Fourth Republic).
*b) Four ways a foreign national who has been living and working in Ghana for the past ten (10) years can acquire Ghanaian citizenship: • By Naturalization: After residing in Ghana for a continuous period of not less than five years (or an aggregate of ten years over a twelve-year period) and meeting other criteria such as good character and ability to contribute to Ghana. • By Registration (Marriage): If the foreign national marries a Ghanaian citizen, they can apply for citizenship by registration after a specified period of marriage. • By Registration (Descent): If one of their parents was a Ghanaian citizen at the time of their birth, even if the foreign national was born outside Ghana. • By Honorary Citizenship: Granted by the President of Ghana to a person who has made outstanding contributions to the country.
*c) Explanation of the term Democracy to a group of friends who have not studied about democracy in their school yet: Democracy is a way of governing a country where the power belongs to the people. This means citizens get to choose their leaders through free and fair elections, and these leaders then make decisions on behalf of everyone. It also ensures that everyone has equal rights and is treated fairly under the law.
SECTION III SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
4. *a) Four measures a Human Resource Manager in a Ghanaian company would put in place to develop the skills and competencies of employees: • Implement regular training and development programs: This includes workshops, seminars, and online courses tailored to specific skill gaps and career progression paths. • Establish mentorship and coaching initiatives: Pair experienced employees with less experienced ones to facilitate knowledge transfer, skill development, and career guidance. • Conduct performance appraisals with constructive feedback: Regularly assess employee performance, provide feedback on strengths and areas for improvement, and set clear development goals. • Introduce job rotation and enlargement programs: Allow employees to work in different departments or take on varied responsibilities to broaden their skill sets and understanding of the company's operations.
*b) (i) Two main types of human resource: • Skilled labor • Unskilled labor
*b) (ii) Explanation of each type of human resource identified in (b)(i): • Skilled labor: This refers to employees who possess specialized knowledge, training, or experience required to perform complex tasks. They often have specific educational qualifications, certifications, or extensive on-the-job training, such as engineers, doctors, or IT specialists. • Unskilled labor: This refers to employees who perform tasks that typically require little to no specialized training, education, or prior experience. These jobs often involve manual labor or routine, repetitive tasks, such as cleaners, porters, or general laborers.
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This geography problem is solved step by step below, with detailed explanations to help you understand the method and arrive at the correct answer.