This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
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You're on a roll — Here are the answers to the questions: 3. (a) (i) Three benefits that Ghana could derive from nuclear energy are: Reliable and large-scale electricity generation* to meet growing energy demands. Reduced reliance on fossil fuels*, leading to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Creation of high-skilled jobs* in construction, operation, and maintenance of nuclear facilities. 3. (a) (ii) Two types of nuclear radiation are: Alpha () radiation* Beta () radiation* 3. (b) The scientific principle involved in each of the following local industries: (i) kenkey production: Fermentation* (involving microorganisms converting carbohydrates to acids and alcohol). (ii) soap production: Saponification* (hydrolysis of fats/oils with an alkali to produce soap and glycerol). (iii) salt production: Evaporation* (separation of salt from water by heating or solar energy). (iv) vegetable oil production: Extraction* (mechanical pressing or solvent extraction to separate oil from plant material). (v) gari processing: Fermentation (of cassava pulp to break down starches and remove cyanide), followed by dewatering and toasting/garification*. 3. (c) (i) Two micronutrients in a soil are: Iron (Fe)* Zinc (Zn)* 3. (c) (ii) Differentiate between broadcasting and side dressing methods of fertilizer application: Broadcasting involves spreading fertilizer uniformly over the entire soil surface* before or after planting. Side dressing involves applying fertilizer in bands along the sides of crop rows* after the plants have emerged. 3. (d) (i) Differentiate between conductors and semi-conductors: Conductors are materials that allow electric current to flow easily* through them due to a large number of free electrons (e.g., metals). Semi-conductors are materials with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator*, whose conductivity can be controlled by doping or temperature (e.g., silicon, germanium). 3. (d) (ii) Two appliances in the home which use semi-conductors are: Television* Computer* (or smartphone) 4. (a) (i) Three conditions to be considered when selecting viable seeds for planting: Maturity*: Seeds should be fully mature. Freedom from pests and diseases*: Seeds should be healthy and undamaged. High germination rate*: Seeds should be capable of sprouting successfully. 4. (a) (ii) Two characteristics of good seeds are: They are uniform in size and shape*. They are free from foreign matter* (e.g., dirt, weed seeds). 4. (b) (i) State Ohm's law: Ohm's law states that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, provided the temperature and other physical conditions remain constant. Mathematically, V = IR. 4. (b) (ii) Calculate the potential difference across the resistor. Step 1: State the given values. Resistance, R = 12.5 \, Current, I = 10 \, A Step 2: Apply Ohm's Law. V = IR Step 3: Substitute the values and calculate. V = (10 \, A) × (12.5 \, ) V = 125 \, V The potential difference across the resistor is 125 \, V. 4. (c) (i) Differentiate between a pandemic and an epidemic: An epidemic is a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a specific population or region*. A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread across multiple countries or continents*, affecting a large number of people globally. 4. (c) (ii) Two roles of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the management of the Covid-19 disease: Providing global guidance and recommendations* on public health measures, testing, and treatment. Coordinating international efforts* for vaccine development, distribution, and equitable access. 4. (d) (i) Name two instruments used for measuring the volume of liquids accurately: Measuring cylinder* Burette* 4. (d) (ii) Give three reasons why accurate measurement is necessary: To ensure safety* in experiments or industrial processes by preventing dangerous reactions or structural failures. To achieve precision and reliability* in scientific research, allowing for reproducible results and valid conclusions. To ensure quality control* in manufacturing, ensuring products meet specified standards and function correctly. Drop the next question.