11 year Islamic history notes send kro

Islamic history began in the 7th century CE with the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Mecca, Arabia, who received divine revelations forming the Quran. After his migration to Medina (Hijra), the first Islamic state was established. Following his passing, the Rashidun Caliphs led the Muslim community, expanding its territories. The Umayyad Caliphate then emerged, further extending the empire from Spain to Central Asia. Later, the Abbasid Caliphate ushered in a Golden Age of Islam, marked by significant advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy, with Baghdad as its intellectual center.