Analyze the factors behind African nationalism post-1945 and compare the independence timelines of British vs. French Sub-Saharan African colonies.

Here are the factors and reasons based on the provided text:

a) Factors that led to the rise of African Nationalism after 1945:

• The desire to end the continuous exploitation of African minerals, raw materials, and agricultural products by colonial powers.
• Demands for the return of land that had been seized by colonial powers, such as from the Kikuyu people.
• The push for the removal of economic restrictions imposed on Africans by colonial masters.
• The activities and influence of nationalist movements, like the Mau Mau movement, which advocated for greater economic and political freedoms.

b) Why British colonies in Sub-Saharan Africa achieved independence earlier than French colonies:

• French Resistance: France exhibited strong and often violent resistance to granting independence, particularly evident in the protracted and costly war in Algeria, where France spent vast sums and maintained a large army to suppress nationalist movements.
• Neo-colonialism: France introduced measures that led to "neo-colonialism" to ensure continued exploitation and influence even after nominal independence, thereby delaying true sovereignty for its colonies.
• British Concessions (Implied): The text suggests that British colonial powers, under pressure from rising nationalism, were "forced to give back much of the land" and remove "economic restrictions," indicating a comparatively more pragmatic approach in some cases that facilitated earlier independence.