Step 1: Define colonialism. Colonialism is the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. It involves the domination of an indigenous population by a foreign power, often leading to the suppression of local cultures and institutions. Step 2: Explain colonialism in Angola. Angola was a Portuguese colony for nearly 500 years, from the late 15th century until 1975. Portuguese colonialism in Angola was characterized by the exploitation of natural resources (such as diamonds, oil, and coffee), forced labor, and the imposition of Portuguese language, culture, and administration. The colonial system created deep social and economic inequalities, with a small Portuguese settler population holding most of the wealth and power, while the majority African population faced severe oppression and limited opportunities. This long period of foreign rule profoundly shaped Angola's political, economic, and social landscape, leaving a legacy of underdevelopment and conflict.