Here are five characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in Europe: 1. Technological Innovation: There was a rapid development of new machines, particularly in textiles (e.g., spinning jenny, power loom) and steam power (e.g., Watt's steam engine), which replaced manual labor and animal power. 2. Factory System: Production shifted from small-scale home-based workshops to large, centralized factories. This allowed for mass production, division of labor, and the use of powered machinery. 3. Urbanization: A significant migration of people from rural areas to industrial towns and cities occurred in search of work, leading to rapid growth of urban centers and associated social changes. 4. New Social Classes: The Industrial Revolution created distinct new social classes: the industrial capitalists (factory owners, entrepreneurs) and the industrial working class (proletariat), who often faced harsh working and living conditions. 5. Economic Transformation: Economies shifted from being primarily agrarian and mercantile to industrial. This involved the growth of manufacturing, increased trade, and the development of new financial systems to support industrial expansion. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.