Name the first African country to get independence.

Here are the answers to the questions from the exam paper: 1. Name the first African country to get independence. The first African country to gain independence was Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) in 1957. 2. Which Rwandan King replaced Mutara III? King Kigeli V Ndahindurwa replaced Mutara III. 3. Who are explorers? Explorers are individuals who travel to unfamiliar places to discover new lands, resources, or information. 4. Mention one thing that Rwanda benefits from the EAC. Rwanda benefits from the EAC through increased trade opportunities within the East African region. 5. Explain the difference between transport and communication. Transport involves the physical movement of people or goods from one place to another, while communication is the process of sending and receiving information or messages. 6. Write down one cause of sexual abuse. One cause of sexual abuse is power imbalance, where an abuser uses their position of authority or strength to exploit another person. 7. Explain one function of the legislature. One function of the legislature is to make laws for the country. 8. Why do you think elections and democracy are important? Elections and democracy are important because they allow citizens to choose their leaders, hold them accountable, and ensure that the government represents the will of the people. 9. Mention one problem facing public places and assets. One problem facing public places and assets is vandalism, which leads to damage and degradation. 10. State one cause of climate change. One cause of climate change is the emission of greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels. 11. What is a national budget? A national budget is a detailed plan of the government's estimated revenues and expenditures for a fiscal year. 12. Write one cause of underdevelopment. One cause of underdevelopment is poor governance and corruption. 13. Give any one major economic activity of Rwanda. One major economic activity of Rwanda is agriculture. 14. Explain how the government gets its income. The government gets its income primarily through taxes (e.g., income tax, VAT), fees for services, and grants/loans from other countries or international organizations. 15. Write down one example of natural resources. One example of a natural resource is minerals (e.g., coltan, cassiterite). 16. What is migration? Migration is the movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling permanently or temporarily in a new location. 17. Explain one advantage of road transport. One advantage of road transport is its flexibility, allowing door-to-door delivery and access to remote areas. 18. State one advantage of road transport. Another advantage of road transport is its cost-effectiveness for short distances and smaller loads. 19. Give one reason for the missionaries' coming to East Africa. One reason for missionaries coming to East Africa was to spread Christianity. 20. Explain the role of security organs in maintaining peace. Security organs maintain peace by enforcing laws, protecting citizens, and preventing crime and conflict. 21. What is disharmony? Disharmony refers to a state of disagreement, conflict, or lack of peace among individuals or groups. 22. Explain how HIV/AIDS is spread. HIV/AIDS is primarily spread through unprotected sexual contact, sharing contaminated needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. 23. What are private parts? Private parts are the genital and anal areas of the human body, which are considered intimate and should be kept covered. 24. Identify any one element found on the coat of arms. One element found on a coat of arms is a shield. 25. Write: PAYE in full. PAYE stands for Pay As You Earn. 26. Which bank is responsible for issuing and distribution of currency? The Central Bank (e.g., National Bank of Rwanda) is responsible for issuing and distributing currency. 27. Identify one example of social services. One example of social services is healthcare. 28. Define the term Nationalism. Nationalism is a political ideology that emphasizes loyalty and devotion to one's nation, often advocating for its independence and interests. 29. Explain the term population density. Population density is the number of people living per unit area (e.g., per square kilometer) in a particular region. 30. Mention the use of the rain gauge. A rain gauge is used to measure the amount of rainfall. 31. What is a time zone? A time zone is a region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. 32. Give Rwanda's main export. Rwanda's main export is coffee. 33. Define a democratic government? A democratic government is a system where the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system. 34. Identify any one cause of genocide against the Tutsi. One cause of the genocide against the Tutsi was ethnic hatred and discrimination fueled by political propaganda. 35. Mention one attribute of God. One attribute of God is omnipotence (all-powerful). 36. Describe one ethnic group in East Africa. One ethnic group in East Africa is the Maasai, known for their distinctive culture, semi-nomadic lifestyle, and pastoralism in Kenya and Tanzania. 37. Explain the Biblical understanding of sex. In the Biblical understanding, sex is a sacred act intended for procreation and intimate union within the covenant of marriage. 38. What is the meaning of the dove as described in the Bible? In the Bible, the dove often symbolizes peace, purity, and the Holy Spirit. 39. Why does God reveal himself? God reveals himself to establish a relationship with humanity, to communicate His will, and to offer salvation. 40. What is the central event of salvation that shows God's revelation to the people of Israel? The central event of salvation that shows God's revelation to the people of Israel is the Exodus from Egypt and the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai. 41. Outline two negative effects of the internet in today's society. • Cyberbullying and online harassment • Spread of misinformation and fake news b. Give any two major providers of telecommunication services in Rwanda. • MTN Rwanda • Airtel Rwanda 42. Name the institution responsible for collecting taxes from people in Rwanda. The institution responsible for collecting taxes in Rwanda is the Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA). b. State any three internal sources of government revenue in Rwanda. i. Income tax ii. Value Added Tax (VAT) iii. Customs duties 43. Explain the characteristics of Rwanda's climate. Rwanda has a temperate tropical highland climate, characterized by two rainy seasons (February-May and September-December) and two dry seasons (June-August and December-January). Temperatures are generally mild due to its high altitude. b. Match the items in Group A with their uses in Group B using an arrow. • Barometer → Measures air pressure. • Stevenson screen → Keeps maximum and minimum thermometer. • Hygrometer → Measures humidity. • Rain gauge → Measures the amount of rainfall. 44. The equator is one latitude that covers Africa. The other two lines of latitude to the south and north of the equator that cross Africa are; The other two lines of latitude are the Tropic of Cancer (north) and the Tropic of Capricorn (south). b. Identify any two economic activities of Rwanda. • Agriculture • Tourism 45. Explain how tourism differs from a tourist. Tourism refers to the activity of traveling for pleasure or business, encompassing the entire industry and experience. A tourist is an individual who travels to and stays in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, or other purposes. b. Identify any three tourist attractions in Rwanda. • Volcanoes National Park • Nyungwe Forest National Park • Lake Kivu 46. Define the term conflict. Conflict is a serious disagreement or argument, typically a prolonged one, which can arise between individuals, groups, or nations. b. Identify three techniques of conflict resolution. • Mediation • Negotiation • Arbitration 47. Outline at least two groups of foreigners that came to Rwanda. • Missionaries • Colonial administrators b. Mention two negative effects missionaries in East Africa. i. Disruption of traditional cultures and beliefs ii. Introduction of new diseases 48. State at least three countries that participated in the Berlin conference of 1884-1885? • Germany • Great Britain • France b. Outline two resolutions of the Berlin conference. • Effective occupation: European powers had to demonstrate actual control over territories to claim them. • Freedom of navigation: The Congo and Niger rivers were declared free for navigation by all nations. 49. Outline at two advantages of water transport over road transport. • Ability to carry large volumes of goods: Ships can transport much larger quantities of cargo than trucks. • Lower cost per unit of distance: For bulk goods, water transport is generally cheaper over long distances. b. Write down two means of water transport. • Ships • Boats 50. Define a democratic government. A democratic government is a system where the citizens hold the power and elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. b. Give two reasons why African countries demanded for their independence. • Desire for self-rule and an end to colonial exploitation • Influence of Pan-Africanism and nationalist movements 51. Write at least two organs of a nation. • Legislature • Executive b. Identify at least two duties of the president. • Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces • Head of State and Government 52. Describe how a rift valley is formed. A rift valley is formed when tectonic plates pull apart (diverge), causing the Earth's crust to stretch and thin. This stretching leads to faulting and the sinking of the land between the faults, creating a long, narrow depression. b. Apart from a rift valley, write down any other three examples of physical features. • Mountains • Rivers • Lakes 53. Define the term trinity? The Trinity is a Christian doctrine stating that God exists as three co-equal, co-eternal persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit, yet is one God. b. God expresses his nature in 3 diverse ways. Name them. • Father • Son (Jesus Christ) • Holy Spirit 54. Define term incarnation. Incarnation is the Christian belief that God the Son, the second person of the Trinity, became flesh by being conceived in the womb of Mary and born as Jesus Christ. b. State at least three attributes of God. • Omniscient (all-knowing) • Omnipresent (present everywhere) • Omnibenevolent (all-good) 55. Define the following terms. a. General (Indirect) revelation General revelation refers to God's self-disclosure through nature, human conscience, and history, which is accessible to all people. b. Special (direct) revelation. Special revelation refers to God's direct and specific self-disclosure through supernatural means, such as miracles, prophecies, and especially through the Bible and Jesus Christ. Drop the next question 📸