Missionary expansion during colonisation reflects which "C"?

Step 1: Analyze the case study. The case study describes a European mission in Southern Africa in the 1800s. Key actions of this mission include:

• Introducing Christianity.
• Teaching European languages.
• Extracting minerals.
• Establishing legal authority.
• Promoting ideas of civilisation and progress. It also states that local governance systems were dismantled.

Step 2: Understand the question. The question asks which "C" missionary expansion during colonisation reflects. This refers to the "Three Cs" often associated with colonialism: Christianity, Commerce, and Civilization.

Step 3: Evaluate the options in the context of "Missionary expansion."

• a) Civilisation: The case study explicitly mentions "Promote ideas of civilisation and progress." Missionaries often played a role in introducing European culture, education, and social norms, which they considered "civilized."
• b) Christianity: The case study explicitly states "Introduce Christianity." The very definition of a "missionary" is someone sent on a religious mission, primarily to spread Christianity.
• c) Capital: While "Extract minerals" relates to economic gain (capital), "Capital" is not one of the traditional "Three Cs" in this context; "Commerce" is more commonly used.
• d) Commerce: "Extract minerals" points to economic activities and trade, which falls under "Commerce."

Step 4: Determine the primary reflection of "Missionary expansion." While missionaries often contributed to the "civilizing mission" and were part of a broader colonial project that included commerce, their fundamental and defining role was the spread of their religion. The term "missionary" itself directly implies a religious mission. Therefore, the most direct "C" reflected by "Missionary expansion" is Christianity.

The final answer is $\boxed{b. Christianity}$.