This languages problem is solved step by step below, with detailed explanations to help you understand the method and arrive at the correct answer.
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Welcome back Nozie❤️ — missed you this week. Umbuzo 1: 1. UWerner (1930) wayenombono wokuthi izilimi zendabuko zase-Afrika zazingekho ezingeni elifanayo nezilimi zaseYurophu, ezazibhekwa njengeziphambili. Wayezibona njengezilimi ezilula noma eziphansi. 2. UGuthrie wathatha izilimi zesiNtu njengomndeni wezilimi ngenxa yokuthi zabelana ngezici ezithile ezifana nesakhiwo sohlelo lolimi kanye nesilulumagama. Imigomo emibili okumele ulimi luyilandele ukuze lube ngaphansi kwalo mndeni wezilimi: • Isistimu yezigaba zamabizo: Ulimi kumele lube nesistimu yezigaba zamabizo ebonakala ngezivumelwano ezihambisanayo. • Isilulumagama esifanayo: Ulimi kumele lube namagama amaningi afanayo noma ahlobene namanye amalungu omndeni wezilimi zesiNtu. 3. Incazelo kaMeinhof yendabuko yezilimi zesiNtu yayisekelwe embonweni wokuthi izilimi zesiNtu zavela olulimini olulodwa lwasendulo (Proto-Bantu) futhi zasakazeka zisuka endaweni ethile. Wayegcizelela ukufana kwemisindo nokwakheka kwamagama. 4. a) Umndeni wezilimi: Iqoqo lezilimi ezihlobene ngoba zavela olulimini olulodwa lwasendulo. Isibonelo: Umndeni wezilimi zesiNtu. b) Iqembu lezilimi namaqenjana amancane: Iqembu lezilimi yingxenye enkulu ngaphakathi komndeni wezilimi, kanti iqenjana elincane yingxenye encane ngaphakathi kweqembu, ekhombisa ubudlelwane obuseduze. Isibonelo: IsiNguni (iqembu lezilimi) ngaphakathi komndeni wezilimi zesiNtu, lapho isiZulu nesiXhosa kungamaqenjana amancane. Umbuzo 2: 1. Ukuchaza imisindo elandelayo: a) /bh/: Indawo ephinyiswa kuyo: Bilabial (izindebe zombili). Indlela ephinyiswa ngayo: Implosive (umoya udonselwa ngaphakathi). b) /nj/: Indawo ephinyiswa kuyo: Palatal (ulimi luthinta ulwanga oluthambile). Indlela ephinyiswa ngayo: Nasal (umoya uphuma ngamakhala). c) /nz/: Indawo ephinyiswa kuyo: Alveolar (ulimi luthinta amazinyo aphezulu). Indlela ephinyiswa ngayo: Affricate (kuqala njengokuvala bese kuba ukuhlikihla). d) /gx/: Indawo ephinyiswa kuyo: Velar (ulimi luthinta ulwanga oluqinile). Indlela ephinyiswa ngayo: Click (umsindo wokuchofoza). e) /hl/: Indawo ephinyiswa kuyo: Lateral (umoya uphuma emaceleni olimi). Indlela ephinyiswa ngayo: Fricative (umoya uhlikihla lapho uphuma). 2. Ama-alofoni: Izindlela ezahlukene zokuphimisa ifonimu eyodwa, kodwa zingawushintshi umqondo wegama. Isibonelo 1: Ifonimu /n/ ingaphinyiswa njengo-[n] (i-alveolar nasal) njengaku-nana, noma njengo-[ŋ] (i-velar nasal) njengaku-inkomo (lapho ihambisana nomsindo olandelayo). Zombili [n] no-[ŋ] zingama-alofoni efonimu /n/. Isibonelo 2: Ifonimu /k/ ingaphinyiswa njengo-[kʰ] (i-aspirated) njengaku-ukukha, noma njengo-[k] (i-unaspirated) njengaku-ikati. Zombili [kʰ] no-[k] zingama-alofoni efonimu /k/. 3. Ukuchaza izinguquko zemisindo: a) Ukulumbana konkamisa: Lena yinguquko yomsindo lapho onkamisa ababili abaseduze behlangana khona ukuze bakhe unkamisa omusha oyedwa, noma unkamisa oyedwa athonywe omunye ukuze bafane. Isibonelo: Lapho isiqalo uku- sihlangana nesiqu esiqala ngonkamisa, njengaku-uku- + -akha (ukwakha), unkamisa /u/ no /a/ bayahlanganiswa, /u/ iba yi-glide /w/. Ngakho, ukuakha kuba ukwakha. b) Ukungwaqazisa: Lena yinguquko yomsindo lapho ungwaqa ongenalo ulwanga (non-palatal) ushintsha indawo yawo yokuphinyiswa ube sendaweni yolwanga (palatal), ngokuvamile ngenxa yethonya likankamisa ophakeme wangaphambili noma i-glide elandelayo. Isibonelo: EsiZulwini, ungwaqa /m/ ungashintsha ube /ny/ phambi kweziqalo ezithile ezinciphayo. Ngokwesibonelo, igama inkomo (cow) + isijobelelo esinciphayo -ana siba inkonyana. Lapha, u-/m/ ku-inkomo ushintsha uba /ny/. Send me the next one 📸