Identify five challenges to effective counselling in school. 4. Identify five components of socio-personal guidance 5. Identify five considerations when undertaking or developing an appraisal service.

Five challenges to effective counselling in school:

\begin{enumerate} \item High student-to-counselor ratio, leading to insufficient time for individual attention. \item Lack of adequate training and qualifications among school counselors. \item Stigma and reluctance among students to seek counseling due to fear of judgment. \item Limited resources and funding for counseling programs and materials. \item Conflicting priorities, with academic performance often overshadowing mental health support. \end{enumerate}

4. Five components of socio-personal guidance:

\begin{enumerate} \item Self-understanding and development of positive self-concept. \item Emotional adjustment and management of feelings. \item Social skills training for interpersonal relationships. \item Family and peer relationship guidance. \item Moral and ethical value clarification. \end{enumerate}

5. Five considerations when undertaking or developing an appraisal service:

\begin{enumerate} \item Ensuring validity, reliability, and cultural fairness of assessment tools. \item Obtaining informed consent from students and parents/guardians. \item Maintaining confidentiality and ethical standards in data handling. \item Qualifications and training of personnel conducting appraisals. \item Appropriate interpretation, feedback, and follow-up actions based on results. \end{enumerate}