Question 8 Environmental ethics distinguishes between instrumental value and intrinsic value. How do these two concepts differ? a) Instrumental value relates to usefulness, whereas intrinsic value exists independently of usefulness to humans. b) Instrumental value concerns natural resources, whereas intrinsic value applies only to manufactured products. c) Instrumental value is determined by legislation, whereas intrinsic value is determined by market prices. d) Instrumental value relates to future benefits, whereas intrinsic value relates exclusively to immediate benefits. Question 9 The Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) cycle supports continual improvement in environmental management. Which sequence correctly represents this cycle? a) Do, Plan, Act, Check. b) Plan, Do, Check, Act. c) Plan, Check, Do, Act. d) Check, Act, Plan, Do. Question 10 An organisation introduces an Environmental Management System (EMS) to strengthen its environmental performance. What is the primary purpose of this system? a) To replace all environmental legislation with internal organisational procedures. b) To focus exclusively on reducing the organisation’s operating costs. c) To provide a systematic framework for managing environmental aspects and improving environmental performance. d) To transfer responsibility for environmental impacts from management to external stakeholders. 2026 8 Question 11 An organisation intends to align its environmental management practices with internationally recognised standards. Which ISO series is specifically associated with environmental management? a) ISO 14000. b) ISO 9000. c) ISO 22000. d) ISO 45000. Question 12 When developing an Environmental Management System, an organisation must identify its environmental aspects. Which option best represents an environmental aspect? a) The financial penalty imposed after an environmental offence. b) The improvement in public opinion following an environmental campaign. c) The final cost of restoring an area affected by pollution. d) An element of an organisation’s activities, products or services that can interact with the environment. Question 13 South African organisations must consider the legislation governing waste management when developing environmental management practices. Which Act specifically addresses waste management? a) National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998. b) National Environmental Management: Waste Act 59 of 2008. c) Occupational Health and Safety Act 85 of 1993. d) National Water Act 36 of 1998. Question 14 A manufacturing company is held financially responsible for pollution resulting from its operations. This situation illustrates which environmental management principle? a) The polluter-pays principle. b) The precautionary principle. c) The principle of public participation. d) The principle of intergenerational equity.
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Here are the answers to your next set of questions, Ntombi:
Question 8
The correct option is a).
a) Instrumental value relates to usefulness, whereas intrinsic value exists independently of usefulness to humans.
Explanation: Instrumental value means something is valuable as a means to an end (e.g., a tree is valuable for its timber). Intrinsic value means something is valuable in and of itself, regardless of its utility to humans (e.g., a tree has value simply because it exists as a living organism).
Question 9
The correct sequence is b).
b) Plan, Do, Check, Act.
Explanation: The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle is a four-step management method used for the control and continuous improvement of processes and products. It starts with planning, then implementing, then monitoring, and finally taking action based on the monitoring results.
Question 10
The primary purpose is c).
c) To provide a systematic framework for managing environmental aspects and improving environmental performance.
Explanation: An Environmental Management System (EMS), such as ISO 14001, provides a structured approach for organizations to manage their environmental impacts, comply with regulations, and continuously improve their environmental performance.
Question 11
The correct ISO series is a).
a) ISO 14000.
Explanation: The ISO 14000 family of standards provides practical tools for companies and organizations of all types looking to manage their environmental responsibilities. ISO 14001 is the most well-known standard within this series, setting out the requirements for an environmental management system.
Question 12
The best representation is d).
d) An element of an organisation’s activities, products or services that can interact with the environment.
Explanation: An environmental aspect is any part of an organization's activities, products, or services that can have an impact on the environment. For example, the use of energy, the discharge of wastewater, or the generation of waste are all environmental aspects.
Question 13
The correct Act is b).
b) National Environmental Management: Waste Act 59 of 2008.
Explanation: In South Africa, the National Environmental Management: Waste Act (NEMWA) 59 of 2008 is the specific legislation that governs waste management, aiming to protect health and the environment by providing reasonable measures for the prevention of pollution and ecological degradation.
Question 14
This situation illustrates a).
a) The polluter-pays principle.
Explanation: The polluter-pays principle is a fundamental principle in environmental law and policy. It states that those who produce pollution should bear the costs of managing it to prevent damage to human health or the environment.
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