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3 a) Simplify (2x+14)/(2x2-98). b) Given that the third and sixth terms of a geometric progression are 3/4 and 3/32 respectively, find the i) first term and the common ratio, ii) nth term, iii) sum to infinity of the progression.

Mathematics

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Answers

4 parts
a

1x−7\frac{1}{x-7}

b(i)

a=3a=3

r=12r=\frac{1}{2}

b(ii)

3(12)n−13\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}

Step-by-step solution

10 steps

Part a· 3 steps

  1. Factor out common terms from the numerator and denominator.

    The numerator is 2x+142x+14. We can factor out 2: 2(x+7)2(x+7).
    The denominator is 2x2−982x^2-98. We can factor out 2: 2(x2−49)2(x^2-49).

  2. Apply the difference of squares formula to the denominator.

    The expression x2−49x^2-49 is in the form a2−b2=(a−b)(a+b)a^2-b^2 = (a-b)(a+b), where a=xa=x and b=7b=7.
    So, x2−49=(x−7)(x+7)x^2-49 = (x-7)(x+7).

  3. Substitute the factored forms back into the fraction and simplify.

    2x+142x2−98=2(x+7)2(x2−49)=2(x+7)2(x−7)(x+7)\frac{2x+14}{2x^2-98} = \frac{2(x+7)}{2(x^2-49)} = \frac{2(x+7)}{2(x-7)(x+7)}

    Cancel out the common factors of 2 and (x+7)(x+7).

    1x−7\frac{1}{x-7}

    The simplified expression is 1x−7\boxed{\frac{1}{x-7}}.

Part b(i)

a=3a=3

First term and the common ratio

Given that the third term (T3T_3) of a geometric progression is 34\frac{3}{4} and the sixth term (T6T_6) is 332\frac{3}{32}.
The formula for the nthn^{th} term of a geometric progression is Tn=arn−1T_n = ar^{n-1}, where aa is the first term and rr is the common ratio.

  1. Write equations for T3T_3 and T6T_6.

    For T3T_3: ar3−1=ar2=34ar^{3-1} = ar^2 = \frac{3}{4} (Equation 1)
    For T6T_6: ar6−1=ar5=332ar^{6-1} = ar^5 = \frac{3}{32} (Equation 2)

  2. Divide Equation 2 by Equation 1 to find the common ratio rr.

    ar5ar2=33234\frac{ar^5}{ar^2} = \frac{\frac{3}{32}}{\frac{3}{4}} r3=332×43r^3 = \frac{3}{32} \times \frac{4}{3} r3=432r^3 = \frac{4}{32} r3=18r^3 = \frac{1}{8}
  3. Solve for rr.

    r=183r = \sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{8}} r=12r = \frac{1}{2}
  4. Substitute the value of rr into Equation 1 to find the first term aa.

    a(12)2=34a\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{3}{4} a(14)=34a\left(\frac{1}{4}\right) = \frac{3}{4} a=3a = 3

    The first term is a=3\boxed{a=3} and the common ratio is r=12\boxed{r=\frac{1}{2}}.

Part b(ii)

3(12)n−13\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}

nthn^{th} term

  1. Use the formula for the nthn^{th} term, Tn=arn−1T_n = ar^{n-1}, with a=3a=3 and r=12r=\frac{1}{2}.

    Tn=3(12)n−1T_n = 3\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}

    The nthn^{th} term is 3(12)n−1\boxed{3\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}}.

Part b(iii)6

Sum to infinity of the progression

  1. Use the formula for the sum to infinity of a geometric progression, S∞=a1−rS_\infty = \frac{a}{1-r}.

    This formula is valid when ∣r∣<1|r| < 1. Since r=12r=\frac{1}{2}, ∣r∣=12<1|r|=\frac{1}{2} < 1, so the sum to infinity exists.

  2. Substitute a=3a=3 and r=12r=\frac{1}{2} into the formula.

    S∞=31−12S_\infty = \frac{3}{1 - \frac{1}{2}} S∞=312S_\infty = \frac{3}{\frac{1}{2}} S∞=3×2S_\infty = 3 \times 2 S∞=6S_\infty = 6

    The sum to infinity of the progression is 6\boxed{6}.

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