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A bag contains 2 white marbles, 1 black marble, and 4 gray marbles. What is the probability of drawing each color, and which color is least likely to be drawn?

Mathematics

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First, let's count the marbles:

  • White marbles: 2
  • Black marbles: 1
  • Gray marbles: 4
  • Total marbles: 2+1+4=72 + 1 + 4 = 7
  1. Determine the color marble least likely to be drawn.

    The least likely color is the one with the fewest marbles.
    There is 1 black marble, 2 white marbles, and 4 gray marbles.
    The least likely color is black.

    1. The color marble least likely to be drawn from the bag is Black\boxed{\text{Black}}.
  2. Calculate the probability of drawing a black marble.

    Probability is calculated as Number of favorable outcomesTotal number of outcomes\frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total number of outcomes}}.
    Number of black marbles = 1
    Total marbles = 7

    P(Black)=17P(\text{Black}) = \frac{1}{7}
    1. The probability of drawing a black marble from the bag is 17\boxed{\frac{1}{7}}.
  3. Calculate the probability of drawing a gray marble.

    Number of gray marbles = 4
    Total marbles = 7

    P(Gray)=47P(\text{Gray}) = \frac{4}{7}
    1. The probability of drawing a gray marble is 47\boxed{\frac{4}{7}}.
  4. Calculate the probability of drawing a white marble.

    Number of white marbles = 2
    Total marbles = 7

    P(White)=27P(\text{White}) = \frac{2}{7}
    1. The probability of drawing a white marble is 27\boxed{\frac{2}{7}}.
  5. Calculate the probability of drawing a marble that is not white.

    Number of marbles that are not white = Number of black marbles + Number of gray marbles = 1+4=51 + 4 = 5
    Total marbles = 7

    P(Not White)=57P(\text{Not White}) = \frac{5}{7}
    1. The probability of drawing a marble that is not white is 57\boxed{\frac{5}{7}}.
  6. Compare the likelihood of drawing a marble that is not black versus a marble that is not gray.

    Number of marbles that are not black = Number of white marbles + Number of gray marbles = 2+4=62 + 4 = 6

    P(Not Black)=67P(\text{Not Black}) = \frac{6}{7}

    Number of marbles that are not gray = Number of white marbles + Number of black marbles = 2+1=32 + 1 = 3

    P(Not Gray)=37P(\text{Not Gray}) = \frac{3}{7}

    Since 67>37\frac{6}{7} > \frac{3}{7}, you would be more likely to draw a marble that is not black. 6. You would be more likely to draw a marble that is not black. This is because there are 6 marbles that are not black (2 white + 4 gray), while there are only 3 marbles that are not gray (2 white + 1 black).

  7. Calculate the probability of drawing a black marble if three more black marbles were added.

    Original black marbles = 1
    Added black marbles = 3
    New number of black marbles = 1+3=41 + 3 = 4
    Original total marbles = 7
    Added marbles = 3
    New total marbles = 7+3=107 + 3 = 10

    P(New Black)=410=25P(\text{New Black}) = \frac{4}{10} = \frac{2}{5}
    1. If three more black marbles were added to the bag, the probability of drawing a black marble would be 25\boxed{\frac{2}{5}}.
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