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A) Calculate the area enclosed by the curve y = x² + 1 and the line y = 7 − x. b) Evaluate the following i. ∫[from 2 to 4] (x - 1/x²) dx ii. ∫[from 1 to 3] 5x√(2x² + 7) dx

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Answers

3 parts
a

1256 square units\frac{125}{6} \text{ square units}

b(i)

234\frac{23}{4}

b(ii)

2453\frac{245}{3}

Step-by-step solution

11 steps

Part a· 4 steps

To calculate the area enclosed by the curve y=x2+1y = x^2 + 1 and the line y=7−xy = 7 - x

  1. Find the points of intersection by setting the two equations equal to each other.

    x2+1=7−xx^2 + 1 = 7 - x

    Rearrange the equation into a standard quadratic form:

    x2+x−6=0x^2 + x - 6 = 0

    Factor the quadratic equation:

    (x+3)(x−2)=0(x+3)(x-2) = 0

    The points of intersection are x=−3x = -3 and x=2x = 2. These will be our limits of integration.

  2. Determine which function is greater over the interval [−3,2][-3, 2].

    Let's test a value, for example, x=0x=0:
    For the curve: y=(0)2+1=1y = (0)^2 + 1 = 1.
    For the line: y=7−(0)=7y = 7 - (0) = 7.
    Since 7>17 > 1, the line y=7−xy = 7 - x is above the curve y=x2+1y = x^2 + 1 in the interval [−3,2][-3, 2].

  3. Set up the definite integral for the area.

    The area AA is given by the integral of the upper function minus the lower function.

    A=∫−32((7−x)−(x2+1))dxA = \int_{-3}^{2} ((7 - x) - (x^2 + 1)) dx A=∫−32(−x2−x+6)dxA = \int_{-3}^{2} (-x^2 - x + 6) dx
  4. Evaluate the definite integral.

    A=[−x33−x22+6x]−32A = \left[-\frac{x^3}{3} - \frac{x^2}{2} + 6x\right]_{-3}^{2}

    Substitute the upper limit (x=2x=2):

    (−(2)33−(2)22+6(2))=(−83−42+12)=(−83−2+12)=−83+10=−8+303=223\left(-\frac{(2)^3}{3} - \frac{(2)^2}{2} + 6(2)\right) = \left(-\frac{8}{3} - \frac{4}{2} + 12\right) = \left(-\frac{8}{3} - 2 + 12\right) = -\frac{8}{3} + 10 = \frac{-8+30}{3} = \frac{22}{3}

    Substitute the lower limit (x=−3x=-3):

    (−(−3)33−(−3)22+6(−3))=(−−273−92−18)=(9−92−18)=−9−92=−18−92=−272\left(-\frac{(-3)^3}{3} - \frac{(-3)^2}{2} + 6(-3)\right) = \left(-\frac{-27}{3} - \frac{9}{2} - 18\right) = \left(9 - \frac{9}{2} - 18\right) = -9 - \frac{9}{2} = \frac{-18-9}{2} = -\frac{27}{2}

    Subtract the lower limit result from the upper limit result:

    A=223−(−272)A = \frac{22}{3} - \left(-\frac{27}{2}\right) A=223+272A = \frac{22}{3} + \frac{27}{2}

    Find a common denominator (6):

    A=22×23×2+27×32×3=446+816=1256A = \frac{22 \times 2}{3 \times 2} + \frac{27 \times 3}{2 \times 3} = \frac{44}{6} + \frac{81}{6} = \frac{125}{6}

    The area enclosed is 1256 square units\boxed{\frac{125}{6} \text{ square units}}.

Part b(i)

234\frac{23}{4}

∫24(x−1x2)dx\int_{2}^{4} \left(x - \frac{1}{x^2}\right) dx

Evaluate the following

  1. Rewrite the integrand using negative exponents.

    ∫24(x−x−2)dx\int_{2}^{4} (x - x^{-2}) dx
  2. Find the antiderivative of each term.

    [x1+11+1−x−2+1−2+1]24\left[\frac{x^{1+1}}{1+1} - \frac{x^{-2+1}}{-2+1}\right]_{2}^{4} [x22−x−1−1]24\left[\frac{x^2}{2} - \frac{x^{-1}}{-1}\right]_{2}^{4} [x22+1x]24\left[\frac{x^2}{2} + \frac{1}{x}\right]_{2}^{4}
  3. Evaluate the definite integral using the limits of integration.

    Substitute the upper limit (x=4x=4):

    (422+14)=(162+14)=(8+14)=32+14=334\left(\frac{4^2}{2} + \frac{1}{4}\right) = \left(\frac{16}{2} + \frac{1}{4}\right) = \left(8 + \frac{1}{4}\right) = \frac{32+1}{4} = \frac{33}{4}

    Substitute the lower limit (x=2x=2):

    (222+12)=(42+12)=(2+12)=4+12=52\left(\frac{2^2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\right) = \left(\frac{4}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\right) = \left(2 + \frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{4+1}{2} = \frac{5}{2}

    Subtract the lower limit result from the upper limit result:

    334−52=334−104=234\frac{33}{4} - \frac{5}{2} = \frac{33}{4} - \frac{10}{4} = \frac{23}{4}

    The value of the integral is 234\boxed{\frac{23}{4}}.

Part b(ii)

2453\frac{245}{3}

∫135x2x2+7dx\int_{1}^{3} 5x\sqrt{2x^2 + 7} dx

  1. Use u-substitution.

    Let u=2x2+7u = 2x^2 + 7.
    Find the derivative of uu with respect to xx:

    dudx=4x\frac{du}{dx} = 4x

    Rearrange to find dxdx in terms of dudu:

    du=4x dxdu = 4x \, dx

    We have 5x dx5x \, dx in the integral, so we can write x dx=14dux \, dx = \frac{1}{4} du.
    Therefore, 5x dx=54du5x \, dx = \frac{5}{4} du.

  2. Change the limits of integration according to uu.

    When x=1x = 1: u=2(1)2+7=2+7=9u = 2(1)^2 + 7 = 2 + 7 = 9.
    When x=3x = 3: u=2(3)2+7=2(9)+7=18+7=25u = 2(3)^2 + 7 = 2(9) + 7 = 18 + 7 = 25.

  3. Rewrite the integral in terms of uu and evaluate.

    ∫925u⋅54du\int_{9}^{25} \sqrt{u} \cdot \frac{5}{4} du =54∫925u1/2du= \frac{5}{4} \int_{9}^{25} u^{1/2} du

    Find the antiderivative of u1/2u^{1/2}:

    =54[u1/2+11/2+1]925= \frac{5}{4} \left[\frac{u^{1/2+1}}{1/2+1}\right]_{9}^{25} =54[u3/23/2]925= \frac{5}{4} \left[\frac{u^{3/2}}{3/2}\right]_{9}^{25} =54[23u3/2]925= \frac{5}{4} \left[\frac{2}{3} u^{3/2}\right]_{9}^{25} =1012[u3/2]925= \frac{10}{12} \left[u^{3/2}\right]_{9}^{25} =56[u3/2]925= \frac{5}{6} \left[u^{3/2}\right]_{9}^{25}
  4. Evaluate the expression at the new limits.

    =56((25)3/2−(9)3/2)= \frac{5}{6} \left((25)^{3/2} - (9)^{3/2}\right)

    Calculate the terms:

    (25)3/2=(25)3=53=125(25)^{3/2} = (\sqrt{25})^3 = 5^3 = 125 (9)3/2=(9)3=33=27(9)^{3/2} = (\sqrt{9})^3 = 3^3 = 27

    Substitute these values back:

    =56(125−27)= \frac{5}{6} (125 - 27) =56(98)= \frac{5}{6} (98) =5×986=5×493=2453= \frac{5 \times 98}{6} = \frac{5 \times 49}{3} = \frac{245}{3}

    The value of the integral is 2453\boxed{\frac{245}{3}}.

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