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A positive two-digit number is such that the product of the digits is 20. When the digits are reversed, the number so formed is greater than the original number by 9. Find the number.

Mathematics

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6. A positive two-digit number is such that the product of the digits is 20. When the digits are reversed, the number so formed is greater than the original number by 9. Find the number. (3 marks)

  1. Represent the two-digit number using variables.

    Let the tens digit be tt and the units digit be uu.
    The original number can be expressed as 10t+u10t + u.
    The reversed number can be expressed as 10u+t10u + t.

  2. Formulate equations based on the given conditions.

    Condition 1: The product of the digits is 20.

    t×u=20(1)t \times u = 20 \quad (1)

    Condition 2: When the digits are reversed, the new number is greater than the original number by 9.

    10u+t=(10t+u)+9(2)10u + t = (10t + u) + 9 \quad (2)
  3. Simplify Equation (2).

    10u+t=10t+u+910u + t = 10t + u + 9

    Subtract uu and tt from both sides:

    9u−9t=99u - 9t = 9

    Divide by 9:

    u−t=1u - t = 1 u=t+1(3)u = t + 1 \quad (3)
  4. Substitute Equation (3) into Equation (1).

    Substitute u=t+1u = t + 1 into t×u=20t \times u = 20:

    t(t+1)=20t(t + 1) = 20 t2+t=20t^2 + t = 20

    Rearrange into a quadratic equation:

    t2+t−20=0t^2 + t - 20 = 0
  5. Solve the quadratic equation for tt.

    Factor the quadratic equation:

    (t+5)(t−4)=0(t + 5)(t - 4) = 0

    This gives two possible values for tt:

    t=−5ort=4t = -5 \quad \text{or} \quad t = 4

    Since tt is a digit of a positive two-digit number, it must be a positive integer between 1 and 9. Therefore, t=4t = 4.

  6. Find the value of uu.

    Using Equation (3), u=t+1u = t + 1:

    u=4+1u = 4 + 1 u=5u = 5
  7. State the original number.

    The tens digit is t=4t=4 and the units digit is u=5u=5.
    The original number is 10t+u=10(4)+5=40+5=4510t + u = 10(4) + 5 = 40 + 5 = 45.

    Check the conditions:
    Product of digits: 4×5=204 \times 5 = 20 (Correct)
    Reversed number: 54.
    Original number: 45.
    Is 54=45+954 = 45 + 9? Yes, 54=5454 = 54 (Correct)

    The number is 45\boxed{45}.

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