A rectangular lawn measuring 10m by 4m needs to be fenced on two smaller sides and one long side. A 1m gap is left for an entrance. How much fencing is needed? Additionally, if the side of a square is

The length of the lawn is $L = 10 \text{ m}$.
The width of the lawn is $W = 4 \text{ m}$.

The fencing is along the two smaller sides and one long side.
The two smaller sides are the widths, each $4 \text{ m}$.
One long side is $10 \text{ m}$.

Total length of sides to be fenced $= (2 \times W) + L$

A gap of $1 \text{ m}$ is left for the entrance. This means the actual fencing material needed is the total length of the sides minus the gap.
Length of fencing $= (\text{Total length of sides to be fenced}) - (\text{length of gap})$

The length of the fencing is $\boxed{\text{17 m}}$.

2.

The original side of the square is $s_1 = 10 \text{ cm}$.
The formula for the perimeter of a square is $P = 4 \times s$.
Original perimeter $P_1 = 4 \times s_1$

The side of the square is doubled, so the new side length $s_2 = 2 \times s_1$.

The new perimeter $P_2 = 4 \times s_2$

To find this, divide the new perimeter by the original perimeter.
Ratio $= \frac{P_2}{P_1}$

The new perimeter will become $\boxed{\text{2 times}}$ the original perimeter.