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ABCD is a trapezium with AB || BC, AB=AD and C = 180°. Determine the unknown angles.

Mathematics

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Problem (1): Trapezium ABCD with given properties

  1. Interpret the given information and correct typos.

    • ABCD is a trapezium.
    • The problem states AB∥BCAB \parallel BC, which is a typo. For a trapezium, one pair of opposite sides must be parallel. From the diagram, it's clear that AB∥DCAB \parallel DC. We will proceed with this assumption.
    • AB=ADAB = AD. This means △ABD\triangle ABD is an isosceles triangle.
    • ∠C=80∘\angle C = 80^\circ. (The text says 180∘180^\circ, which is impossible for an angle in a quadrilateral; we use the diagram's 80∘80^\circ).
    • We need to find the unknown angles: a=∠CDAa = \angle CDA, b=∠ABDb = \angle ABD, d=∠ABCd = \angle ABC, e=∠DABe = \angle DAB.
  2. Use the property of parallel lines (AB∥DCAB \parallel DC).

    Since AB∥DCAB \parallel DC, the consecutive interior angles on the transversal BCBC are supplementary:

    ∠ABC+∠BCD=180∘\angle ABC + \angle BCD = 180^\circ ∠d+80∘=180∘\angle d + 80^\circ = 180^\circ ∠d=180∘−80∘\angle d = 180^\circ - 80^\circ ∠d=100∘\angle d = \boxed{\mathbf{100^\circ}}

    Also, since AB∥DCAB \parallel DC, the alternate interior angles formed by the transversal BDBD are equal:

    ∠ABD=∠BDC\angle ABD = \angle BDC ∠b=∠BDC\angle b = \angle BDC
  3. Use the property of the isosceles triangle △ABD\triangle ABD.

    Given AB=ADAB = AD, △ABD\triangle ABD is an isosceles triangle. The base angles opposite the equal sides are equal:

    ∠ABD=∠ADB\angle ABD = \angle ADB ∠b=∠ADB\angle b = \angle ADB
  4. Determine angle aa (∠CDA\angle CDA).

    From Step 2 and Step 3, we have ∠ADB=b\angle ADB = b and ∠BDC=b\angle BDC = b.
    Therefore, ∠CDA\angle CDA is the sum of these two angles:

    ∠CDA=∠ADB+∠BDC\angle CDA = \angle ADB + \angle BDC ∠a=b+b\angle a = b + b ∠a=2b\angle a = 2b
  5. Determine angle ee (∠DAB\angle DAB).

    In △ABD\triangle ABD, the sum of angles is 180∘180^\circ:

    ∠DAB+∠ABD+∠ADB=180∘\angle DAB + \angle ABD + \angle ADB = 180^\circ ∠e+b+b=180∘\angle e + b + b = 180^\circ ∠e+2b=180∘\angle e + 2b = 180^\circ
  6. Use the property of an isosceles trapezium.

    In a trapezium where the non-parallel sides are equal, it is an isosceles trapezium. In this case, the condition AB=ADAB=AD along with AB∥DCAB \parallel DC and ∠C=80∘\angle C = 80^\circ implies that AD=BCAD=BC, making it an isosceles trapezium.
    In an isosceles trapezium, the base angles are equal:

    ∠CDA=∠BCD\angle CDA = \angle BCD ∠a=80∘\angle a = 80^\circ
  7. Solve for bb and ee using the value of aa.

    From Step 4, we have ∠a=2b\angle a = 2b.
    Substitute ∠a=80∘\angle a = 80^\circ:

    80∘=2b80^\circ = 2b b=80∘2b = \frac{80^\circ}{2} b=40∘b = \boxed{\mathbf{40^\circ}}

    From Step 5, we have ∠e+2b=180∘\angle e + 2b = 180^\circ.
    Substitute 2b=80∘2b = 80^\circ:

    ∠e+80∘=180∘\angle e + 80^\circ = 180^\circ ∠e=180∘−80∘\angle e = 180^\circ - 80^\circ ∠e=100∘\angle e = \boxed{\mathbf{100^\circ}}

    Summary of unknown angles:

    • ∠a=∠CDA=80∘\angle a = \angle CDA = \boxed{\mathbf{80^\circ}}
    • ∠b=∠ABD=40∘\angle b = \angle ABD = \boxed{\mathbf{40^\circ}}
    • ∠d=∠ABC=100∘\angle d = \angle ABC = \boxed{\mathbf{100^\circ}}
    • ∠e=∠DAB=100∘\angle e = \angle DAB = \boxed{\mathbf{100^\circ}}
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