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Find the angle between each of the following Pairs of Vectors. Given you answer Correct to one decimal place.

Mathematics

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Answer

119.2∘\text{119.2}^\circ

66.4∘\text{66.4}^\circ

Step-by-step solution

2 steps

To find the angle θ\theta between two vectors a⃗\vec{a} and b⃗\vec{b}, we use the dot product formula:

cos⁡θ=a⃗⋅b⃗∣∣a⃗∣∣⋅∣∣b⃗∣∣\cos \theta = \frac{\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}}{||\vec{a}|| \cdot ||\vec{b}||}
  1. Solve part (a).

    The given vectors are a⃗=2i+j−2k\vec{a} = 2\mathbf{i} + \mathbf{j} - 2\mathbf{k} and b⃗=4i−3j+12k\vec{b} = 4\mathbf{i} - 3\mathbf{j} + 12\mathbf{k}.

    First, calculate the dot product a⃗⋅b⃗\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}:

    a⃗⋅b⃗=(2)(4)+(1)(−3)+(−2)(12)=8−3−24=−19\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = (2)(4) + (1)(-3) + (-2)(12) = 8 - 3 - 24 = -19

    Next, calculate the magnitudes of the vectors:

    ∣∣a⃗∣∣=22+12+(−2)2=4+1+4=9=3||\vec{a}|| = \sqrt{2^2 + 1^2 + (-2)^2} = \sqrt{4 + 1 + 4} = \sqrt{9} = 3 ∣∣b⃗∣∣=42+(−3)2+122=16+9+144=169=13||\vec{b}|| = \sqrt{4^2 + (-3)^2 + 12^2} = \sqrt{16 + 9 + 144} = \sqrt{169} = 13

    Now, substitute these values into the formula for cos⁡θ\cos \theta:

    cos⁡θ=−193⋅13=−1939\cos \theta = \frac{-19}{3 \cdot 13} = \frac{-19}{39}

    Finally, find the angle θ\theta:

    θ=cos⁡−1(−1939)≈119.153∘\theta = \cos^{-1}\left(\frac{-19}{39}\right) \approx 119.153^\circ

    Rounding to one decimal place, the angle is 119.2∘\boxed{\text{119.2}^\circ}.

  2. Solve part (b).

    Based on your magnitude calculations, the vectors are a⃗=3i−5j−2k\vec{a} = 3\mathbf{i} - 5\mathbf{j} - 2\mathbf{k} and b⃗=i−6k\vec{b} = \mathbf{i} - 6\mathbf{k}.

    First, calculate the dot product a⃗⋅b⃗\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}:

    a⃗⋅b⃗=(3)(1)+(−5)(0)+(−2)(−6)=3+0+12=15\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = (3)(1) + (-5)(0) + (-2)(-6) = 3 + 0 + 12 = 15

    (Your calculation for the dot product was 10, which led to an incorrect final answer. The correct dot product is 15.)

    Next, calculate the magnitudes of the vectors:

    ∣∣a⃗∣∣=32+(−5)2+(−2)2=9+25+4=38||\vec{a}|| = \sqrt{3^2 + (-5)^2 + (-2)^2} = \sqrt{9 + 25 + 4} = \sqrt{38} ∣∣b⃗∣∣=12+02+(−6)2=1+0+36=37||\vec{b}|| = \sqrt{1^2 + 0^2 + (-6)^2} = \sqrt{1 + 0 + 36} = \sqrt{37}

    Now, substitute these values into the formula for cos⁡θ\cos \theta:

    cos⁡θ=1538⋅37=151406\cos \theta = \frac{15}{\sqrt{38} \cdot \sqrt{37}} = \frac{15}{\sqrt{1406}}

    Finally, find the angle θ\theta:

    θ=cos⁡−1(151406)≈66.433∘\theta = \cos^{-1}\left(\frac{15}{\sqrt{1406}}\right) \approx 66.433^\circ

    Rounding to one decimal place, the angle is 66.4∘\boxed{\text{66.4}^\circ}.

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