Apply the rule "x 7 + 3" to each input value.

For input 6:

$$6 \times 7 + 3 = 42 + 3 = 45$$

For input 8:

$$8 \times 7 + 3 = 56 + 3 = 59$$

For input 3:

$$3 \times 7 + 3 = 21 + 3 = 24$$

For input 5:

$$5 \times 7 + 3 = 35 + 3 = 38$$

For input 1:

$$1 \times 7 + 3 = 7 + 3 = 10$$

The diagram shows an output value of 80.

Output values: $\boxed{\text{45, 59, 24, 38, 10, 80}}$

c. iv. What is the rule?
The rule is explicitly stated in the flow diagram.
Rule: $\boxed{\times 7 + 3}$