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Find the derivative of the function f(x) = (x2 + 2x + 4) / (x2 + 2x).

Mathematics

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Answer

−8(x+1)(x2+2x)2\frac{-8(x + 1)}{(x^2 + 2x)^2}

Graph of f(x) = (x² + 2x + 4)/(x² + 2x)

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Key points of f(x) = (x² + 2x + 4)/(x² + 2x)
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Maximum−1−3

Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Rewrite the function f(x)f(x) to simplify differentiation.

    f(x)=x2+2x+4x2+2xf(x) = \frac{x^2 + 2x + 4}{x^2 + 2x}

    We can split the fraction:

    f(x)=x2+2xx2+2x+4x2+2xf(x) = \frac{x^2 + 2x}{x^2 + 2x} + \frac{4}{x^2 + 2x} f(x)=1+4x2+2xf(x) = 1 + \frac{4}{x^2 + 2x}

    Now, express the second term with a negative exponent:

    f(x)=1+4(x2+2x)−1f(x) = 1 + 4(x^2 + 2x)^{-1}
  2. Differentiate f(x)f(x) using the chain rule.

    The derivative of a constant is 0. For the second term, we use the chain rule ddx[c⋅g(x)n]=c⋅n⋅g(x)n−1⋅g′(x)\frac{d}{dx}[c \cdot g(x)^n] = c \cdot n \cdot g(x)^{n-1} \cdot g'(x).
    Here, c=4c=4, n=−1n=-1, and g(x)=x2+2xg(x) = x^2 + 2x.
    First, find g′(x)g'(x):

    g′(x)=ddx(x2+2x)=2x+2g'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(x^2 + 2x) = 2x + 2
  3. Apply the differentiation rules.

    f′(x)=ddx(1)+ddx(4(x2+2x)−1)f'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(1) + \frac{d}{dx}(4(x^2 + 2x)^{-1}) f′(x)=0+4⋅(−1)(x2+2x)−1−1⋅(2x+2)f'(x) = 0 + 4 \cdot (-1)(x^2 + 2x)^{-1-1} \cdot (2x + 2) f′(x)=−4(x2+2x)−2(2x+2)f'(x) = -4(x^2 + 2x)^{-2} (2x + 2)
  4. Simplify the expression.

    f′(x)=−4(2x+2)(x2+2x)2f'(x) = \frac{-4(2x + 2)}{(x^2 + 2x)^2} f′(x)=−8x−8(x2+2x)2f'(x) = \frac{-8x - 8}{(x^2 + 2x)^2}

    We can factor out −8-8 from the numerator:

    f′(x)=−8(x+1)(x2+2x)2f'(x) = \frac{-8(x + 1)}{(x^2 + 2x)^2}

    The derivative f′(x)f'(x) is −8(x+1)(x2+2x)2\boxed{\frac{-8(x + 1)}{(x^2 + 2x)^2}}.

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