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Differentiate y = (sqrt((1−x)/(1+x))) with respect to x. Find f'(x) for f(x) = e3x (5x2 - 2x + 1).

Mathematics

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let's tackle these differentiation problems.

: Differentiate y=arctan⁡(1−x1+x)y = \arctan\left(\sqrt{\frac{1-x}{1+x}}\right) with respect to xx.

We can simplify this function using a trigonometric substitution.

  1. Let x=cos⁡(2θ)x = \cos(2\theta).

    Then dx=−2sin⁡(2θ) dθdx = -2\sin(2\theta)\,d\theta.
    Substitute xx into the expression inside the square root:

    1−x1+x=1−cos⁡(2θ)1+cos⁡(2θ)\sqrt{\frac{1-x}{1+x}} = \sqrt{\frac{1-\cos(2\theta)}{1+\cos(2\theta)}}
  2. Use the double angle identities 1−cos⁡(2θ)=2sin⁡2θ1-\cos(2\theta) = 2\sin^2\theta and 1+cos⁡(2θ)=2cos⁡2θ1+\cos(2\theta) = 2\cos^2\theta.

    2sin⁡2θ2cos⁡2θ=tan⁡2θ=∣tan⁡θ∣\sqrt{\frac{2\sin^2\theta}{2\cos^2\theta}} = \sqrt{\tan^2\theta} = |\tan\theta|

    Assuming x∈(−1,1)x \in (-1, 1), then 2θ∈(0,π)2\theta \in (0, \pi), which means θ∈(0,π/2)\theta \in (0, \pi/2). In this interval, tan⁡θ>0\tan\theta > 0.
    So, 1−x1+x=tan⁡θ\sqrt{\frac{1-x}{1+x}} = \tan\theta.

  3. Substitute this back into the original function.

    y=arctan⁡(tan⁡θ)y = \arctan(\tan\theta) y=θy = \theta
  4. Express θ\theta in terms of xx.

    Since x=cos⁡(2θ)x = \cos(2\theta), we have 2θ=arccos⁡x2\theta = \arccos x, so θ=12arccos⁡x\theta = \frac{1}{2}\arccos x.

    y=12arccos⁡xy = \frac{1}{2}\arccos x
  5. Differentiate yy with respect to xx.

    dydx=ddx(12arccos⁡x)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{1}{2}\arccos x\right) dydx=12⋅(−11−x2)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\right) dydx=−121−x2\boxed{\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-x^2}}}

    : Find f′(x)f'(x) for f(x)=e3xln⁡(5x2−2x+1)f(x) = e^{3x} \ln(5x^2 - 2x + 1).

    We use the product rule: ddx(uv)=u′v+uv′\frac{d}{dx}(uv) = u'v + uv'.
    Let u=e3xu = e^{3x} and v=ln⁡(5x2−2x+1)v = \ln(5x^2 - 2x + 1).

  6. Find the derivative of uu.

    u′=ddx(e3x)=e3x⋅ddx(3x)=3e3xu' = \frac{d}{dx}(e^{3x}) = e^{3x} \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(3x) = 3e^{3x}
  7. Find the derivative of vv.

    v′=ddx(ln⁡(5x2−2x+1))=15x2−2x+1⋅ddx(5x2−2x+1)=10x−25x2−2x+1v' = \frac{d}{dx}(\ln(5x^2 - 2x + 1)) = \frac{1}{5x^2 - 2x + 1} \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(5x^2 - 2x + 1) = \frac{10x - 2}{5x^2 - 2x + 1}
  8. Apply the product rule.

    f′(x)=u′v+uv′f'(x) = u'v + uv' f′(x)=(3e3x)ln⁡(5x2−2x+1)+(e3x)(10x−25x2−2x+1)f'(x) = (3e^{3x})\ln(5x^2 - 2x + 1) + (e^{3x})\left(\frac{10x - 2}{5x^2 - 2x + 1}\right)
  9. Factor out e3xe^{3x}.

    f′(x)=e3x(3ln⁡(5x2−2x+1)+10x−25x2−2x+1)\boxed{f'(x) = e^{3x}\left(3\ln(5x^2 - 2x + 1) + \frac{10x - 2}{5x^2 - 2x + 1}\right)}

    : Find dydx\frac{dy}{dx} if y=sin⁡(4x2)(x+1)3y = \frac{\sin(4x^2)}{(x+1)^3}.

    We use the quotient rule: ddx(uv)=u′v−uv′v2\frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{u}{v}\right) = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2}.
    Let u=sin⁡(4x2)u = \sin(4x^2) and v=(x+1)3v = (x+1)^3.

  10. Find the derivative of uu.

    u′=ddx(sin⁡(4x2))=cos⁡(4x2)⋅ddx(4x2)=cos⁡(4x2)⋅8x=8xcos⁡(4x2)u' = \frac{d}{dx}(\sin(4x^2)) = \cos(4x^2) \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(4x^2) = \cos(4x^2) \cdot 8x = 8x \cos(4x^2)
  11. Find the derivative of vv.

    v′=ddx((x+1)3)=3(x+1)2⋅ddx(x+1)=3(x+1)2⋅1=3(x+1)2v' = \frac{d}{dx}((x+1)^3) = 3(x+1)^2 \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(x+1) = 3(x+1)^2 \cdot 1 = 3(x+1)^2
  12. Apply the quotient rule.

    dydx=(8xcos⁡(4x2))(x+1)3−(sin⁡(4x2))(3(x+1)2)((x+1)3)2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{(8x \cos(4x^2))(x+1)^3 - (\sin(4x^2))(3(x+1)^2)}{((x+1)^3)^2} dydx=(8xcos⁡(4x2))(x+1)3−3sin⁡(4x2)(x+1)2(x+1)6\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{(8x \cos(4x^2))(x+1)^3 - 3\sin(4x^2)(x+1)^2}{(x+1)^6}
  13. Factor out (x+1)2(x+1)^2 from the numerator.

    dydx=(x+1)2[8xcos⁡(4x2)(x+1)−3sin⁡(4x2)](x+1)6\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{(x+1)^2 [8x \cos(4x^2)(x+1) - 3\sin(4x^2)]}{(x+1)^6} dydx=8x(x+1)cos⁡(4x2)−3sin⁡(4x2)(x+1)4\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{8x(x+1)\cos(4x^2) - 3\sin(4x^2)}{(x+1)^4} dydx=8x2cos⁡(4x2)+8xcos⁡(4x2)−3sin⁡(4x2)(x+1)4\boxed{\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{8x^2 \cos(4x^2) + 8x \cos(4x^2) - 3\sin(4x^2)}{(x+1)^4}}

    : Find dydx\frac{dy}{dx} if y=xxy = x^x.

    We use logarithmic differentiation.

  14. Take the natural logarithm of both sides.

    ln⁡y=ln⁡(xx)\ln y = \ln(x^x)

    Use the logarithm property ln⁡(ab)=bln⁡a\ln(a^b) = b \ln a:

    ln⁡y=xln⁡x\ln y = x \ln x
  15. Differentiate both sides with respect to xx implicitly.

    Use the product rule on the right side.

    1ydydx=ddx(xln⁡x)\frac{1}{y} \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx}(x \ln x) 1ydydx=(1)ln⁡x+x(1x)\frac{1}{y} \frac{dy}{dx} = (1)\ln x + x\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) 1ydydx=ln⁡x+1\frac{1}{y} \frac{dy}{dx} = \ln x + 1
  16. Solve for dydx\frac{dy}{dx}.

    dydx=y(ln⁡x+1)\frac{dy}{dx} = y(\ln x + 1)

    Substitute y=xxy = x^x back into the equation:

    dydx=xx(ln⁡x+1)\boxed{\frac{dy}{dx} = x^x(\ln x + 1)}

    : Differentiate y=ln⁡(sec⁡x+tan⁡x)ny = \ln(\sec x + \tan x)^n with respect to xx.

  17. Use the logarithm property ln⁡(An)=nln⁡A\ln(A^n) = n \ln A to simplify the function.

    y=nln⁡(sec⁡x+tan⁡x)y = n \ln(\sec x + \tan x)
  18. Differentiate yy with respect to xx using the chain rule.

    dydx=n⋅1sec⁡x+tan⁡x⋅ddx(sec⁡x+tan⁡x)\frac{dy}{dx} = n \cdot \frac{1}{\sec x + \tan x} \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(\sec x + \tan x)
  19. Find the derivative of (sec⁡x+tan⁡x)(\sec x + \tan x).

    Recall that ddx(sec⁡x)=sec⁡xtan⁡x\frac{d}{dx}(\sec x) = \sec x \tan x and ddx(tan⁡x)=sec⁡2x\frac{d}{dx}(\tan x) = \sec^2 x.

    ddx(sec⁡x+tan⁡x)=sec⁡xtan⁡x+sec⁡2x\frac{d}{dx}(\sec x + \tan x) = \sec x \tan x + \sec^2 x

    Factor out sec⁡x\sec x:

    sec⁡xtan⁡x+sec⁡2x=sec⁡x(tan⁡x+sec⁡x)\sec x \tan x + \sec^2 x = \sec x (\tan x + \sec x)
  20. Substitute this back into the derivative expression.

    dydx=n⋅1sec⁡x+tan⁡x⋅sec⁡x(tan⁡x+sec⁡x)\frac{dy}{dx} = n \cdot \frac{1}{\sec x + \tan x} \cdot \sec x (\tan x + \sec x)

    The term (sec⁡x+tan⁡x)(\sec x + \tan x) cancels out.

    dydx=nsec⁡x\boxed{\frac{dy}{dx} = n \sec x}
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