This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.

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Here are the solutions for the given problems.
: a) Find and for the top triangle.
Step 1: Find the value of . The sum of the interior angles in a triangle is .
Step 2: Find the value of . The angle is an exterior angle of the triangle. An exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two opposite interior angles. Alternatively, and form a linear pair, so .
The values are: x = \text{140^\circ} y = \text{40^\circ}
: b) Find and for the bottom triangle.
Step 1: Find the value of . The square symbol indicates a right angle, which is . The sum of the interior angles in a triangle is .
Step 2: Find the value of . The angle is an exterior angle of the triangle. An exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two opposite interior angles. Alternatively, and form a linear pair, so .
The values are: x = \text{131^\circ} y = \text{49^\circ}
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a) Find x and y for the top triangle. Step 1: Find the value of y.
This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.