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Solve the following systems of linear equations: 1. x+y=-1, 2x-y=-3 2. 3x+y=7, 6x−y=25 3. 3x+2y=8, 2x−y=3

Mathematics

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Step-by-step solution

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Here are the solutions to the simultaneous equations and word problems:

  1. We have the equations: x+y=−1(1)x+y=-1 \quad (1) 2x−y=−3(2)2x-y=-3 \quad (2)
  1. Add equation (1) and equation (2) to eliminate yy.

    $$
    (x+y) + (2x-y) = -1 + (-3)
    $$
    $$
    3x = -4
    $$
    $$
    x = -\frac{4}{3}
    $$
    
  2. Substitute the value of xx into equation (1).

    $$
    -\frac{4}{3} + y = -1
    $$
    $$
    y = -1 + \frac{4}{3}
    $$
    $$
    y = -\frac{3}{3} + \frac{4}{3}
    $$
    $$
    y = \frac{1}{3}
    $$
    The solution is:
    $$
    \boxed{x = -\frac{4}{3}, y = \frac{1}{3}}
    $$
    

    2. We have the equations: 3x+y=7(1) 3x+y=7 \quad (1) 6x−y=25(2) 6x-y=25 \quad (2)

  3. Add equation (1) and equation (2) to eliminate yy.

    $$
    (3x+y) + (6x-y) = 7 + 25
    $$
    $$
    9x = 32
    $$
    $$
    x = \frac{32}{9}
    $$
    
  4. Substitute the value of xx into equation (1).

    $$
    3\left(\frac{32}{9}\right) + y = 7
    $$
    $$
    \frac{32}{3} + y = 7
    $$
    $$
    y = 7 - \frac{32}{3}
    $$
    $$
    y = \frac{21}{3} - \frac{32}{3}
    $$
    $$
    y = -\frac{11}{3}
    $$
    The solution is:
    $$
    \boxed{x = \frac{32}{9}, y = -\frac{11}{3}}
    $$
    

    3. We have the equations: 3x+2y=8(1) 3x+2y=8 \quad (1) 2x−y=3(2) 2x-y=3 \quad (2)

  5. Multiply equation (2) by 2 to make the coefficients of yy opposites.

    $$
    2(2x-y) = 2(3)
    $$
    $$
    4x-2y=6 \quad (3)
    $$
    
  6. Add equation (1) and equation (3) to eliminate yy.

    $$
    (3x+2y) + (4x-2y) = 8 + 6
    $$
    $$
    7x = 14
    $$
    $$
    x = 2
    $$
    
  7. Substitute the value of xx into equation (2).

    $$
    2(2) - y = 3
    $$
    $$
    4 - y = 3
    $$
    $$
    -y = 3 - 4
    $$
    $$
    -y = -1
    $$
    $$
    y = 1
    $$
    The solution is:
    $$
    \boxed{x = 2, y = 1}
    $$
    

    4. We have the equations: 3x+2y=7(1) 3x+2y=7 \quad (1) 4x+3y=15(2) 4x+3y=15 \quad (2)

  8. Multiply equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 2 to make the coefficients of yy equal.

    $$
    3(3x+2y) = 3(7) \Rightarrow 9x+6y=21 \quad (3)
    $$
    $$
    2(4x+3y) = 2(15) \Rightarrow 8x+6y=30 \quad (4)
    $$
    
  9. Subtract equation (4) from equation (3) to eliminate yy.

    $$
    (9x+6y) - (8x+6y) = 21 - 30
    $$
    $$
    x = -9
    $$
    
  10. Substitute the value of xx into equation (1).

    $$
    3(-9) + 2y = 7
    $$
    $$
    -27 + 2y = 7
    $$
    $$
    2y = 7 + 27
    $$
    $$
    2y = 34
    $$
    $$
    y = 17
    $$
    The solution is:
    $$
    \boxed{x = -9, y = 17}
    $$
    

    5. Let the first number be xx and the second number be yy. From the problem statement, we can form two equations: x+y=72(1) x+y=72 \quad (1) y=3x(2) y=3x \quad (2)

  11. Substitute equation (2) into equation (1).

    $$
    x + (3x) = 72
    $$
    $$
    4x = 72
    $$
    $$
    x = \frac{72}{4}
    $$
    $$
    x = 18
    $$
    
  12. Substitute the value of xx back into equation (2).

    $$
    y = 3(18)
    $$
    $$
    y = 54
    $$
    The two numbers are:
    $$
    \boxed{18 \text{ and } 54}
    $$
    

    6. Let the number of boys be BB and the number of girls be GG. From the problem statement, we can form two equations: B+G=32(1) B+G=32 \quad (1) B=G+8(2) B=G+8 \quad (2)

  13. Substitute equation (2) into equation (1).

    $$
    (G+8) + G = 32
    $$
    $$
    2G + 8 = 32
    $$
    $$
    2G = 32 - 8
    $$
    $$
    2G = 24
    $$
    $$
    G = \frac{24}{2}
    $$
    $$
    G = 12
    $$
    
  14. Substitute the value of GG back into equation (2).

    $$
    B = 12 + 8
    $$
    $$
    B = 20
    $$
    The number of boys in the class is:
    $$
    \boxed{20 \text{ boys}}
    $$
    
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