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From a base camp R, two hikers P and Q start walking at the same time. P walks on a bearing of 205° at 5 km/h and Q walks on a bearing of 060° at 5 km/h. After 4 hours, find: a) the distance between P

Mathematics

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Answer

a

33 km\text{33 km}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To solve this problem, we'll use trigonometry, specifically the Cosine Rule and Sine Rule, after visualizing the movements with bearings.

Part a· 2 steps

Calculate the distance of Q from P.

  1. Determine the angle at the base camp R.

    P moves on a bearing of 205° from R. Q moves on a bearing of 060° from R. The angle ∠PRQ\angle PRQ between their paths from R is the difference between these bearings.

    ∠PRQ=205∘−060∘=145∘\angle PRQ = 205^\circ - 060^\circ = 145^\circ
  2. Apply the Cosine Rule to find the distance PQ.

    We have a triangle RPQ with sides RP=20RP = 20 km, RQ=15RQ = 15 km, and the included angle ∠PRQ=145∘\angle PRQ = 145^\circ.
    The Cosine Rule states: PQ2=RP2+RQ2−2(RP)(RQ)cos⁡(∠PRQ)PQ^2 = RP^2 + RQ^2 - 2(RP)(RQ)\cos(\angle PRQ)

    PQ2=202+152−2(20)(15)cos⁡(145∘)PQ^2 = 20^2 + 15^2 - 2(20)(15)\cos(145^\circ) PQ2=400+225−600(−0.81915)PQ^2 = 400 + 225 - 600(-0.81915) PQ2=625+491.49PQ^2 = 625 + 491.49 PQ2=1116.49PQ^2 = 1116.49 PQ=1116.49≈33.4139 kmPQ = \sqrt{1116.49} \approx 33.4139 \text{ km}

    Rounding to the nearest whole number:

    PQ≈33 kmPQ \approx \boxed{\text{33 km}}

Part b· 2 steps

Calculate the bearing of Q from P.

  1. Use the Sine Rule to find ∠RPQ\angle RPQ.

    To find the bearing of Q from P, we first need to determine an angle within △RPQ\triangle RPQ. Let's find ∠RPQ\angle RPQ.
    The Sine Rule states: RQsin⁡(∠RPQ)=PQsin⁡(∠PRQ)\frac{RQ}{\sin(\angle RPQ)} = \frac{PQ}{\sin(\angle PRQ)}

    15sin⁡(∠RPQ)=33.4139sin⁡(145∘)\frac{15}{\sin(\angle RPQ)} = \frac{33.4139}{\sin(145^\circ)} sin⁡(∠RPQ)=15sin⁡(145∘)33.4139\sin(\angle RPQ) = \frac{15 \sin(145^\circ)}{33.4139} sin⁡(∠RPQ)=15×0.5735833.4139\sin(\angle RPQ) = \frac{15 \times 0.57358}{33.4139} sin⁡(∠RPQ)=8.603733.4139≈0.25747\sin(\angle RPQ) = \frac{8.6037}{33.4139} \approx 0.25747 ∠RPQ=arcsin⁡(0.25747)≈14.92∘\angle RPQ = \arcsin(0.25747) \approx 14.92^\circ
  2. Calculate the bearing of Q from P.

    The bearing of P from R is 205°. The

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