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Given: Angle X = 35^, Angle Y = 65^, Side opposite X (side YZ) = 8 cm.

Mathematics

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Here are the solutions to questions 10, 11, and 12.

  1. In triangle XYZ: Given: Angle X=35∘X = 35^\circ, Angle Y=65∘Y = 65^\circ, Side opposite XX (side YZYZ) =8= 8 cm. Let xx be the side opposite angle XX, yy be the side opposite angle YY, and zz be the side opposite angle ZZ. So, x=8x = 8 cm.

    a) Find angle ZZ.

  1. The sum of angles in a triangle is 180∘180^\circ.

    $$
    \angle X + \angle Y + \angle Z = 180^\circ
    $$
    $$
    35^\circ + 65^\circ + \angle Z = 180^\circ
    $$
    $$
    100^\circ + \angle Z = 180^\circ
    $$
    
  2. Solve for ∠Z\angle Z.

    $$
    \angle Z = 180^\circ - 100^\circ
    $$
    $$
    \angle Z = 80^\circ
    $$
    The measure of angle $Z$ is:
    $$
    \boxed{80^\circ}
    $$
    
    **b)** Find side $YZ$ using the sine rule.  
    The sine rule states: $\frac{a}{\sin A} = \frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C}$.  
    We are given side $x = 8$ cm and $\angle X = 35^\circ$. We need to find side $YZ$, which is side $x$. The question asks to find side $YZ$ using the sine rule, but $YZ$ is already given as 8 cm. It is likely that the question meant to ask for side $XZ$ (side $y$) or side $XY$ (side $z$). Assuming it meant to find side $XZ$ (side $y$):
    
  3. Apply the sine rule to find side yy (side XZXZ).

    $$
    \frac{x}{\sin X} = \frac{y}{\sin Y}
    $$
    $$
    \frac{8 \text{ cm}}{\sin 35^\circ} = \frac{y}{\sin 65^\circ}
    $$
    
  4. Solve for yy.

    $$
    y = \frac{8 \text{ cm} \times \sin 65^\circ}{\sin 35^\circ}
    $$
    $$
    y = \frac{8 \times 0.9063}{0.5736}
    $$
    $$
    y = \frac{7.2504}{0.5736}
    $$
    $$
    y \approx 12.64 \text{ cm}
    $$
    Assuming the question meant to find side $XZ$:
    $$
    \boxed{XZ \approx 12.64 \text{ cm}}
    $$
    If the question literally meant to find side $YZ$, then $YZ = 8$ cm, as given.
    
    **c)** Find the area of the triangle.
    
  5. Use the formula for the area of a triangle

    Area =12absin⁡C= \frac{1}{2}ab \sin C. We can use any two sides and the included angle. Let's use sides xx and yy and the included angle ZZ.
    We have x=8x = 8 cm, y≈12.64y \approx 12.64 cm, and ∠Z=80∘\angle Z = 80^\circ. Area=12xysin⁡Z \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2}xy \sin Z Area=12×8 cm×12.64 cm×sin⁡80∘ \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times 8 \text{ cm} \times 12.64 \text{ cm} \times \sin 80^\circ

  6. Calculate the value.

    $$
    \text{Area} = 4 \times 12.64 \times 0.9848
    $$
    $$
    \text{Area} = 4 \times 12.451
    $$
    $$
    \text{Area} \approx 49.80 \text{ cm}^2
    $$
    The area of the triangle is:
    $$
    \boxed{49.80 \text{ cm}^2}
    $$
    

    11. A ship sails 120 km on a bearing of 030∘030^\circ. It then sails 80 km on a bearing of 120∘120^\circ.

    **a)** Represent the journey on a scale diagram (1 cm = 20 km).
    
  7. Determine the lengths on the diagram.

    First leg: $120 \text{ km} \div 20 \text{ km/cm} = 6 \text{ cm}$.  
    Second leg: $80 \text{ km} \div 20 \text{ km/cm} = 4 \text{ cm}$.
    
  8. Draw the diagram.

    • Start at a point (A). Draw a North line.
    • Draw a line segment 6 cm long from A at an angle of 30∘30^\circ clockwise from North. Label the end point B.
    • From point B, draw another North line.
    • Draw a line segment 4 cm long from B at an angle of 120∘120^\circ clockwise from the North line at B. Label the end point C.
    • Draw a line segment from A to C to represent the final displacement.

    (Diagram cannot be drawn here, but the steps describe how to construct it.)

    b) Find the final displacement from the starting point.

  9. Identify the angles in the triangle formed by the journey.

    Let the starting point be A, the intermediate point B, and the final point C.  
    The bearing from A to B is $030^\circ$.  
    The bearing from B to C is $120^\circ$.  
    The interior angle at B, $\angle ABC$, can be found. The angle from the North line at B to BA (back bearing) is $30^\circ + 180^\circ = 210^\circ$. The angle from the North line at B to BC is $120^\circ$.  
    The angle between the North line at B and the line segment BA (pointing back to A) is $30^\circ$.  
    The angle between the North line at B and the line segment BC is $120^\circ$.  
    The angle $\angle ABC$ is the angle between BA and BC.  
    The angle between the North line at B and the line BA (pointing towards A) is $30^\circ$.  
    The angle between the South line at B and the line BA is $30^\circ$.  
    The angle between the North line at B and the line BC is $120^\circ$.  
    The angle between the South line at B and the line BC is $180^\circ - 120^\circ = 60^\circ$.  
    The angle $\angle ABC = 30^\circ + 60^\circ = 90^\circ$.  
    Alternatively, the interior angle at B is $180^\circ - (30^\circ + (180^\circ - 120^\circ)) = 180^\circ - (30^\circ + 60^\circ) = 180^\circ - 90^\circ = 90^\circ$.  
    So, $\triangle ABC$ is a right-angled triangle.  
    Side AB = 120 km, Side BC = 80 km.
    
  10. Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the displacement AC.

    $$
    AC^2 = AB^2 + BC^2
    $$
    $$
    AC^2 = (120 \text{ km})^2 + (80 \text{ km})^2
    $$
    $$
    AC^2 = 14400 \text{ km}^2 + 6400 \text{ km}^2
    $$
    $$
    AC^2 = 20800 \text{ km}^2
    $$
    $$
    AC = \sqrt{20800} \text{ km}
    $$
    $$
    AC \approx 144.22 \text{ km}
    $$
    The final displacement from the starting point is:
    $$
    \boxed{144.22 \text{ km}}
    $$
    
    **c)** Find the bearing of the final position from the starting point.
    
  11. Find the angle ∠BAC\angle BAC in the right-angled triangle ABC.

    $$
    \tan(\angle BAC) = \frac{\text{Opposite}}{\text{Adjacent}} = \frac{BC}{AB}
    $$
    $$
    \tan(\angle BAC) = \frac{80 \text{ km}}{120 \text{ km}} = \frac{2}{3}
    $$
    $$
    \angle BAC = \arctan\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)
    $$
    $$
    \angle BAC \approx 33.69^\circ
    $$
    
  12. Calculate the bearing.

    The initial bearing was $030^\circ$. The angle $\angle BAC$ is measured from the line AB towards AC.  
    The bearing of C from A is $30^\circ + \angle BAC$.
    $$
    \text{Bearing} = 30^\circ + 33.69^\circ = 63.69^\circ
    $$
    Expressed as a three-figure bearing:
    $$
    \boxed{063.69^\circ}
    $$
    

    12. a) Solve the following graphically: y=x(Equation 1) y = x \quad \text{(Equation 1)} x+y=4(Equation 2) x + y = 4 \quad \text{(Equation 2)}

  13. Create a table of values for each equation.

    For $y = x$:
    | $x$ | $y$ |
    |---|---|
    | 0 | 0 |
    | 1 | 1 |
    | 2 | 2 |
    | 3 | 3 |
    
    For $x + y = 4$ (which can be rewritten as $y = 4 - x$):
    | $x$ | $y$ |
    |---|---|
    | 0 | 4 |
    | 1 | 3 |
    | 2 | 2 |
    | 3 | 1 |
    
  14. Plot the points for each equation on a graph paper and draw the lines.

    **(Graph cannot be drawn here, but the steps describe how to construct it.)**
    
    • For y=xy=x, plot (0,0), (1,1), (2,2), (3,3) and draw a straight line through them.
    • For x+y=4x+y=4, plot (0,4), (1,3), (2,2), (3,1) and draw a straight line through them.
  15. Identify the point of intersection.

    The two lines intersect at the point where their $x$ and $y$ values are the same. From the tables, we can see that both lines pass through the point $(2,2)$.  
    Graphically, the intersection point will be $(2,2)$.  
    The solution is:
    $$
    \boxed{x = 2, y = 2}
    $$
    
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