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Given f(x) = (2x+1)/(3x+3) and g(x) = 3x+2. Find g(f(x)) and the invariant elements of g(x).

Mathematics

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Answers

2 parts
a

g(f(x)):x↦4x+3x+1,x∈R,x≠−1g(f(x)): x \mapsto \frac{4x+3}{x+1}, x \in \mathbb{R}, x \neq -1

b

x=−1x = -1

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

Part a· 3 steps

To express the function g(f(x))g(f(x)), we substitute f(x)f(x) into g(x)g(x).

  1. Substitute f(x)f(x) into g(x)g(x).

    Given f(x)=2x+13x+3f(x) = \frac{2x+1}{3x+3} and g(x)=3x+2g(x) = 3x+2.

    g(f(x))=g(2x+13x+3)=3(2x+13x+3)+2g(f(x)) = g\left(\frac{2x+1}{3x+3}\right) = 3\left(\frac{2x+1}{3x+3}\right) + 2
  2. Simplify the expression.

    g(f(x))=3(2x+1)3(x+1)+2g(f(x)) = \frac{3(2x+1)}{3(x+1)} + 2 g(f(x))=2x+1x+1+2g(f(x)) = \frac{2x+1}{x+1} + 2

    To combine the terms, find a common denominator:

    g(f(x))=2x+1x+1+2(x+1)x+1g(f(x)) = \frac{2x+1}{x+1} + \frac{2(x+1)}{x+1} g(f(x))=2x+1+2x+2x+1g(f(x)) = \frac{2x+1 + 2x+2}{x+1} g(f(x))=4x+3x+1g(f(x)) = \frac{4x+3}{x+1}
  3. Determine the domain.

    The domain of g(f(x))g(f(x)) requires xx to be in the domain of ff, and f(x)f(x) to be in the domain of gg.
    The domain of f(x)f(x) is x∈R,x≠−1x \in \mathbb{R}, x \neq -1. The domain of g(x)g(x) is x∈Rx \in \mathbb{R}.
    Since f(x)f(x) will always produce a real number (for x≠−1x \neq -1), and g(x)g(x) accepts all real numbers, the only restriction is x≠−1x \neq -1.
    Therefore, the domain of g(f(x))g(f(x)) is x∈R,x≠−1x \in \mathbb{R}, x \neq -1.

    The function g(f(x))g(f(x)) expressed in a similar manner is:

    g(f(x)):x↦4x+3x+1,x∈R,x≠−1\boxed{g(f(x)): x \mapsto \frac{4x+3}{x+1}, x \in \mathbb{R}, x \neq -1}

Part b

x=−1x = -1

An element xx is invariant under a function gg if g(x)=xg(x) = x.

  1. Set up the equation for an invariant element.

    Given g(x)=3x+2g(x) = 3x+2.
    We need to solve g(x)=xg(x) = x:

    3x+2=x3x+2 = x
  2. Solve for xx.

    Subtract xx from both sides:

    3x−x+2=03x - x + 2 = 0 2x+2=02x + 2 = 0

    Subtract 2 from both sides:

    2x=−22x = -2

    Divide by 2:

    x=−1x = -1
  3. Verify the element is in the domain of gg.

    The domain of gg is x∈Rx \in \mathbb{R}. Since −1-1 is a real number, it is in the domain of gg.

    The element in the domain of gg which is invariant under gg is:

    x=−1\boxed{x = -1}
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