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Given GCD = 30.

Mathematics

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Answer

90\text{}90\text{}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Express the GCD, LCM, and the two given numbers as products of their prime factors.

    Given GCD =30= 30.

    30=2×3×530 = 2 \times 3 \times 5

    Given LCM =900= 900.

    900=9×100=32×102=32×(2×5)2=22×32×52900 = 9 \times 100 = 3^2 \times 10^2 = 3^2 \times (2 \times 5)^2 = 2^2 \times 3^2 \times 5^2

    The two given numbers are 60 and 150.

    60=22×3×560 = 2^2 \times 3 \times 5 150=2×3×52150 = 2 \times 3 \times 5^2

    Let the third number be CC. We can express CC in its prime factorization form as C=2x×3y×5zC = 2^x \times 3^y \times 5^z.

  2. Use the properties of GCD and LCM to determine the exponents $x, y, z$.

    For the GCD of three numbers, the exponent of each prime factor is the minimum of the exponents of that prime factor in the three numbers.
    For the LCM of three numbers, the exponent of each prime factor is the maximum of the exponents of that prime factor in the three numbers.

    Let's analyze each prime factor:

    For the prime factor 2:
    The exponents in 60, 150, and CC are 2, 1, and xx respectively.
    From GCD: min⁡(2,1,x)=1\min(2, 1, x) = 1 (since 30=21×31×5130 = 2^1 \times 3^1 \times 5^1). This implies x≥1x \ge 1.
    From LCM: max⁡(2,1,x)=2\max(2, 1, x) = 2 (since 900=22×32×52900 = 2^2 \times 3^2 \times 5^2). This implies x≤2x \le 2.
    To find the least possible value of CC, we choose the smallest possible exponent for 2, which is x=1x=1.

    For the prime factor 3:
    The exponents in 60, 150, and CC are 1, 1, and yy respectively.
    From GCD: min⁡(1,1,y)=1\min(1, 1, y) = 1. This implies y≥1y \ge 1.
    From LCM: max⁡(1,1,y)=2\max(1, 1, y) = 2. This implies yy must be 2. If yy were 1, max⁡(1,1,1)\max(1,1,1) would be 1, not 2.
    So, for yy, we must choose y=2y=2.

    For the prime factor 5:
    The exponents in 60, 150, and CC are 1, 2, and zz respectively.
    From GCD: min⁡(1,2,z)=1\min(1, 2, z) = 1. This implies z≥1z \ge 1.
    From LCM: max⁡(1,2,z)=2\max(1, 2, z) = 2. This implies z≤2z \le 2.
    To find the least possible value of CC, we choose the smallest possible exponent for 5, which is z=1z=1.

  3. Determine the least possible value of the third number CC.

    Using the chosen exponents x=1x=1, y=2y=2, and z=1z=1:

    C=21×32×51C = 2^1 \times 3^2 \times 5^1 C=2×9×5C = 2 \times 9 \times 5 C=10×9C = 10 \times 9 C=90C = 90
  4. Verify the GCD and LCM with C=90C=90.

    Numbers: 60=22×31×5160 = 2^2 \times 3^1 \times 5^1, 150=21×31×52150 = 2^1 \times 3^1 \times 5^2, 90=21×32×5190 = 2^1 \times 3^2 \times 5^1.
    GCD: 2min⁡(2,1,1)×3min⁡(1,1,2)×5min⁡(1,2,1)=21×31×51=302^{\min(2,1,1)} \times 3^{\min(1,1,2)} \times 5^{\min(1,2,1)} = 2^1 \times 3^1 \times 5^1 = 30. (Correct)
    LCM: 2max⁡(2,1,1)×3max⁡(1,1,2)×5max⁡(1,2,1)=22×32×52=4×9×25=9002^{\max(2,1,1)} \times 3^{\max(1,1,2)} \times 5^{\max(1,2,1)} = 2^2 \times 3^2 \times 5^2 = 4 \times 9 \times 25 = 900. (Correct)

    The least possible value of the third number is 90\text{}90\text{}.

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