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Write the given numbers in the form a+ib and find the polar coordinate form of the complex numbers.

Mathematics

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Here are the solutions for problems 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

: Write the given numbers in the form a+iba+ib.

a) 3i3−i4+7i3−10i2−93i^3 - i^4 + 7i^3 - 10i^2 - 9

  1. Substitute powers of ii (i2=−1,i3=−i,i4=1i^2=-1, i^3=-i, i^4=1).

    3(−i)−(1)+7(−i)−10(−1)−93(-i) - (1) + 7(-i) - 10(-1) - 9
  2. Simplify and combine terms.

    −3i−1−7i+10−9-3i - 1 - 7i + 10 - 9 (−1+10−9)+(−3−7)i(-1+10-9) + (-3-7)i 0−10i0 - 10i

    The final answer is 0−10i\boxed{0 - 10i}.

    b) 2i6+(2−i)3+5i5−12i2i^6 + \left(\frac{2}{-i}\right)^3 + 5i^5 - 12i

  3. Simplify powers of ii (i6=−1,i5=ii^6=-1, i^5=i) and the fraction (2−i)3\left(\frac{2}{-i}\right)^3.

    2−i=2i−i2=2i1=2i\frac{2}{-i} = \frac{2i}{-i^2} = \frac{2i}{1} = 2i (2i)3=8i3=8(−i)=−8i(2i)^3 = 8i^3 = 8(-i) = -8i
  4. Substitute and simplify.

    2(−1)+(−8i)+5(i)−12i2(-1) + (-8i) + 5(i) - 12i −2−8i+5i−12i-2 - 8i + 5i - 12i
  5. Combine real and imaginary parts.

    −2+(−8+5−12)i-2 + (-8+5-12)i −2−15i-2 - 15i

    The final answer is −2−15i\boxed{-2 - 15i}.

    : Find the polar coordinate form of the complex numbers.

    a) z=iz=i

  6. Find modulus rr and argument θ\theta.

    x=0,y=1x=0, y=1.

    r=02+12=1r = \sqrt{0^2+1^2} = 1

    Since z=iz=i is on the positive imaginary axis, θ=π2\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}.

  7. Write in polar form r(cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ)r(\cos\theta + i\sin\theta).

    z=1(cos⁡(π2)+isin⁡(π2))z = 1\left(\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) + i\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\right)

    The final answer is cos⁡(π2)+isin⁡(π2)\boxed{\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) + i\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)}.

    b) z=3−4iz=3-4i

  8. Find modulus rr and argument θ\theta.

    x=3,y=−4x=3, y=-4.

    r=32+(−4)2=9+16=25=5r = \sqrt{3^2+(-4)^2} = \sqrt{9+16} = \sqrt{25} = 5

    The number is in the fourth quadrant.

    θ=arctan⁡(−43)=−arctan⁡(43)\theta = \arctan\left(\frac{-4}{3}\right) = -\arctan\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)
  9. Write in polar form r(cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ)r(\cos\theta + i\sin\theta).

    z=5(cos⁡(−arctan⁡(43))+isin⁡(−arctan⁡(43)))z = 5\left(\cos\left(-\arctan\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)\right) + i\sin\left(-\arctan\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)\right)\right)

    The final answer is 5(cos⁡(−arctan⁡(43))+isin⁡(−arctan⁡(43)))\boxed{5\left(\cos\left(-\arctan\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)\right) + i\sin\left(-\arctan\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)\right)\right)}.

    : Find the values of xx and yy that satisfy the equation (x+y)+i(x−y)=14.8+6.2i(x+y)+i(x-y)=14.8+6.2i.

  10. Equate the real and imaginary parts.

    x+y=14.8(1)x+y = 14.8 \quad (1) x−y=6.2(2)x-y = 6.2 \quad (2)
  11. Solve the system of equations.

    Add (1) and (2):

    (x+y)+(x−y)=14.8+6.2(x+y)+(x-y) = 14.8+6.2 2x=21  ⟹  x=10.52x = 21 \implies x = 10.5

    Substitute x=10.5x=10.5 into (1):

    10.5+y=14.8  ⟹  y=14.8−10.5  ⟹  y=4.310.5+y = 14.8 \implies y = 14.8-10.5 \implies y = 4.3

    The final answer is x=10.5,y=4.3\boxed{x=10.5, y=4.3}.

    : Express (−1+i)(-1+i) in the form reiθre^{i\theta}, where rr is positive and −π<θ<π-\pi < \theta < \pi.

  12. Find modulus rr and argument θ\theta.

    x=−1,y=1x=-1, y=1.

    r=(−1)2+12=1+1=2r = \sqrt{(-1)^2+1^2} = \sqrt{1+1} = \sqrt{2}

    The number is in the second quadrant. The reference angle is arctan⁡(11)=π4\arctan\left(\frac{1}{1}\right) = \frac{\pi}{4}.

    θ=π−π4=3π4\theta = \pi - \frac{\pi}{4} = \frac{3\pi}{4}

    This value is within (−π,π)(-\pi, \pi).

  13. Write in the form reiθre^{i\theta}.

    z=2ei3π4z = \sqrt{2}e^{i\frac{3\pi}{4}}

    The final answer is 2ei3π4\boxed{\sqrt{2}e^{i\frac{3\pi}{4}}}.

    : If (a+b)+i(a−b)=(2+5i)2+i(2−3i)(a+b)+i(a-b)=(2+5i)^2+i(2-3i), find the values of aa and bb.

  14. Simplify the right-hand side (RHS).

    (2+5i)2=4+20i+25i2=4+20i−25=−21+20i(2+5i)^2 = 4 + 20i + 25i^2 = 4 + 20i - 25 = -21 + 20i i(2−3i)=2i−3i2=2i−3(−1)=3+2ii(2-3i) = 2i - 3i^2 = 2i - 3(-1) = 3 + 2i

    Add the simplified terms:

    (−21+20i)+(3+2i)=(−21+3)+(20+2)i=−18+22i(-21 + 20i) + (3 + 2i) = (-21+3) + (20+2)i = -18 + 22i
  15. Equate the real and imaginary parts of the LHS and the simplified RHS.

    a+b=−18(1)a+b = -18 \quad (1) a−b=22(2)a-b = 22 \quad (2)
  16. Solve the system of equations.

    Add (1) and (2):

    (a+b)+(a−b)=−18+22(a+b)+(a-b) = -18+22 2a=4  ⟹  a=22a = 4 \implies a = 2

    Substitute a=2a=2 into (1):

    2+b=−18  ⟹  b=−18−2  ⟹  b=−202+b = -18 \implies b = -18-2 \implies b = -20

    The final answer is a=2,b=−20\boxed{a=2, b=-20}.

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