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Given the quadratic equation x2 + px + q = 0 with roots alpha and beta, find the quadratic equation whose roots are (1)/(alpha2) and (1)/(beta2).

Mathematics

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Answer

q2x2−(p2−2q)x+1=0q^2 x^2 - (p^2 - 2q)x + 1 = 0

Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Identify the sum and product of roots for the original equation.

    The given equation is x2+px+q=0x^2 + px + q = 0.
    Let its roots be α\alpha and β\beta.
    Using Vieta's formulas:
    Sum of roots: α+β=−p\alpha + \beta = -p
    Product of roots: αβ=q\alpha \beta = q

  2. Calculate the sum of the new roots.

    The new roots are 1α2\frac{1}{\alpha^2} and 1β2\frac{1}{\beta^2}.
    Let S′S' be the sum of the new roots:

    S′=1α2+1β2S' = \frac{1}{\alpha^2} + \frac{1}{\beta^2}

    Combine the fractions:

    S′=β2+α2α2β2S' = \frac{\beta^2 + \alpha^2}{\alpha^2 \beta^2}

    We know that α2+β2=(α+β)2−2αβ\alpha^2 + \beta^2 = (\alpha + \beta)^2 - 2\alpha\beta.
    Substitute the values from Step 1:

    α2+β2=(−p)2−2(q)=p2−2q\alpha^2 + \beta^2 = (-p)^2 - 2(q) = p^2 - 2q

    Also, α2β2=(αβ)2=q2\alpha^2 \beta^2 = (\alpha\beta)^2 = q^2.
    Substitute these into the expression for S′S':

    S′=p2−2qq2S' = \frac{p^2 - 2q}{q^2}
  3. Calculate the product of the new roots.

    Let P′P' be the product of the new roots:

    P′=(1α2)(1β2)P' = \left(\frac{1}{\alpha^2}\right) \left(\frac{1}{\beta^2}\right) P′=1α2β2P' = \frac{1}{\alpha^2 \beta^2}

    Substitute the value from Step 1:

    P′=1(αβ)2=1q2P' = \frac{1}{(\alpha\beta)^2} = \frac{1}{q^2}
  4. Form the new quadratic equation.

    A quadratic equation with roots r1r_1 and r2r_2 can be written as x2−(r1+r2)x+r1r2=0x^2 - (r_1 + r_2)x + r_1 r_2 = 0, or x2−S′x+P′=0x^2 - S'x + P' = 0.
    Substitute the calculated values for S′S' and P′P':

    x2−(p2−2qq2)x+1q2=0x^2 - \left(\frac{p^2 - 2q}{q^2}\right)x + \frac{1}{q^2} = 0

    To eliminate the denominators, multiply the entire equation by q2q^2:

    q2x2−(p2−2q)x+1=0q^2 x^2 - (p^2 - 2q)x + 1 = 0
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