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Given Z1 = 2 + 3i and Z2 = 2 − i, express racZ1Z2 in the form a + bi and find the modulus and argument of Z1 imes Z2.

Mathematics

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Given complex numbers:
Z1=2+3iZ_1 = 2 + 3i
Z2=2−iZ_2 = 2 - i

Part a· 5 steps

Express Z1Z2\frac{Z_1}{Z_2} in the form a+bia + bi where a,b∈Ra, b \in \mathbb{R}.

  1. Write the expression for Z1Z2\frac{Z_1}{Z_2}.

    Z1Z2=2+3i2−i\frac{Z_1}{Z_2} = \frac{2 + 3i}{2 - i}
  2. Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator.

    The conjugate of 2−i2 - i is 2+i2 + i.

    Z1Z2=2+3i2−i×2+i2+i\frac{Z_1}{Z_2} = \frac{2 + 3i}{2 - i} \times \frac{2 + i}{2 + i}
  3. Perform the multiplication in the numerator.

    (2+3i)(2+i)=2(2)+2(i)+3i(2)+3i(i)(2 + 3i)(2 + i) = 2(2) + 2(i) + 3i(2) + 3i(i) =4+2i+6i+3i2= 4 + 2i + 6i + 3i^2

    Since i2=−1i^2 = -1:

    =4+8i−3= 4 + 8i - 3 =1+8i= 1 + 8i
  4. Perform the multiplication in the denominator.

    (2−i)(2+i)=22−i2(2 - i)(2 + i) = 2^2 - i^2 =4−(−1)= 4 - (-1) =4+1= 4 + 1 =5= 5
  5. Combine the numerator and denominator to get the result in a+bia+bi form.

    Z1Z2=1+8i5=15+85i\frac{Z_1}{Z_2} = \frac{1 + 8i}{5} = \frac{1}{5} + \frac{8}{5}i

    The expression in the form a+bia+bi is 15+85i\boxed{\frac{1}{5} + \frac{8}{5}i}.

Part b· 3 steps

Find the modulus and argument of Z1×Z2Z_1 \times Z_2.

  1. Calculate the product Z1×Z2Z_1 \times Z_2.

    Z1×Z2=(2+3i)(2−i)Z_1 \times Z_2 = (2 + 3i)(2 - i) =2(2)+2(−i)+3i(2)+3i(−i)= 2(2) + 2(-i) + 3i(2) + 3i(-i) =4−2i+6i−3i2= 4 - 2i + 6i - 3i^2

    Since i2=−1i^2 = -1:

    =4+4i−3(−1)= 4 + 4i - 3(-1) =4+4i+3= 4 + 4i + 3 =7+4i= 7 + 4i
  2. Find the modulus of Z1×Z2Z_1 \times Z_2.

    For a complex number z=x+yiz = x + yi, the modulus is ∣z∣=x2+y2|z| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}.

    ∣Z1×Z2∣=∣7+4i∣=72+42|Z_1 \times Z_2| = |7 + 4i| = \sqrt{7^2 + 4^2} =49+16= \sqrt{49 + 16} =65= \sqrt{65}
  3. Find the argument of Z1×Z2Z_1 \times Z_2.

    For z=x+yiz = x + yi in the first quadrant (x>0,y>0x>0, y>0), the argument is arg⁡(z)=arctan⁡(yx)\arg(z) = \arctan\left(\frac{y}{x}\right).
    Since 7+4i7 + 4i is in the first quadrant:

    arg⁡(Z1×Z2)=arctan⁡(47)\arg(Z_1 \times Z_2) = \arctan\left(\frac{4}{7}\right)

    The modulus is 65\boxed{\sqrt{65}} and the argument is arctan⁡(47)\boxed{\arctan\left(\frac{4}{7}\right)}.

Part c· 3 steps

Given also that Z3Z_3 is a complex number such that ∣Z3∣=5|Z_3| = 5 and the argument of Z3Z_3 is π3\frac{\pi}{3}, express Z1×Z2Z3\frac{Z_1 \times Z_2}{Z_3} in polar form.

  1. Write Z3Z_3 in polar form.

    Given ∣Z3∣=5|Z_3| = 5 and arg⁡(Z3)=π3\arg(Z_3) = \frac{\pi}{3}.

    Z3=5(cos⁡(π3)+isin⁡(π3))Z_3 = 5 \left(\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right) + i \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\right)
  2. Write Z1×Z2Z_1 \times Z_2 in polar form using the results from part b).

    Let Z12=Z1×Z2Z_{12} = Z_1 \times Z_2.
    ∣Z12∣=65|Z_{12}| = \sqrt{65} and arg⁡(Z12)=arctan⁡(47)\arg(Z_{12}) = \arctan\left(\frac{4}{7}\right).

    Z12=65(cos⁡(arctan⁡(47))+isin⁡(arctan⁡(47)))Z_{12} = \sqrt{65} \left(\cos\left(\arctan\left(\frac{4}{7}\right)\right) + i \sin\left(\arctan\left(\frac{4}{7}\right)\right)\right)
  3. Express Z12Z3\frac{Z_{12}}{Z_3} in polar form.

    If za=ra(cos⁡θa+isin⁡θa)z_a = r_a(\cos \theta_a + i \sin \theta_a) and zb=rb(cos⁡θb+isin⁡θb)z_b = r_b(\cos \theta_b + i \sin \theta_b), then zazb=rarb(cos⁡(θa−θb)+isin⁡(θa−θb))\frac{z_a}{z_b} = \frac{r_a}{r_b}(\cos(\theta_a - \theta_b) + i \sin(\theta_a - \theta_b)).
    Here, ra=65r_a = \sqrt{65}, θa=arctan⁡(47)\theta_a = \arctan\left(\frac{4}{7}\right), rb=5r_b = 5, θb=π3\theta_b = \frac{\pi}{3}.

    Z1×Z2Z3=655(cos⁡(arctan⁡(47)−π3)+isin⁡(arctan⁡(47)−π3))\frac{Z_1 \times Z_2}{Z_3} = \frac{\sqrt{65}}{5} \left(\cos\left(\arctan\left(\frac{4}{7}\right) - \frac{\pi}{3}\right) + i \sin\left(\arctan\left(\frac{4}{7}\right) - \frac{\pi}{3}\right)\right)

    The expression in polar form is 655(cos⁡(arctan⁡(47)−π3)+isin⁡(arctan⁡(47)−π3))\boxed{\frac{\sqrt{65}}{5} \left(\cos\left(\arctan\left(\frac{4}{7}\right) - \frac{\pi}{3}\right) + i \sin\left(\arctan\left(\frac{4}{7}\right) - \frac{\pi}{3}\right)\right)}.

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